{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:10:08Z","timestamp":1791958208817,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study assessed the moderating effect of social support on the association between experienced stigma versus anxiety, depression and loneliness among people with drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A descriptive cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 203 adults on treatment for drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis for at least 8\u2009weeks. Validated scales were used to assess experienced stigma, anxiety, depression, loneliness and social support. Partial correlations and hierarchical multiple regression were used to determine the moderating effect of social support on the association between experienced stigma versus anxiety, depression and loneliness. The interaction was visualised using slope analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anxiety, loneliness and depression were reported by 148 (72.9%), 114 (56.2%) and 128 (63.1%) of the 203 participants, respectively. Experienced stigma was positively associated with depression (B\u2009=\u20090.428, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), anxiety (B\u2009=\u20090.374, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and loneliness (B\u2009=\u20090.285, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Social support was negatively associated with depression (B\u2009=\u2009\u22120.255, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), anxiety (B\u2009=\u2009\u22120.406, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and loneliness (B\u2009=\u2009\u22120.270, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). The impact of experienced stigma on depression was different at low (B\u2009=\u20090.567, SE\u2009=\u20090.115, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and high (B\u2009=\u20090.275, SE\u2009=\u20090.253, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024) groups of social support. Similarly, at low social support, the effect of experienced stigma on loneliness (B\u2009=\u20090.491, SE\u2009=\u20090.250, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and anxiety (B\u2009=\u20090.254, SE\u2009=\u20090.060, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044) was different compared to the effect of experienced stigma on loneliness (B\u2009=\u20090.275, SE\u2009=\u20090.253, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024) and anxiety (B\u2009=\u20090.127, SE\u2009=\u20090.094, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.307) at high group of social support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, social support reduced the effects of experienced stigma on anxiety, depression and loneliness suggesting that improving social support among people with drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis is crucial in reducing the negative effects of stigma on anxiety, depression and loneliness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.14046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T07:51:44Z","timestamp":1725522704000},"page":"882-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between experienced stigma, anxiety, depression and loneliness among people with drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis in Lagos Nigeria: The moderating role of social support"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8946-3244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olusola Adedeji","family":"Adejumo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mainland Hospital Yaba  Lagos Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences Durban University of Technology  Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firoza","family":"Haffejee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences Durban University of Technology  Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Champaklal","family":"Jinabhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Durban University of Technology  Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusoji","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care Olabisi Onabanjo University  Sagamu Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Tuberculosis and human rights. 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