{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:20:56Z","timestamp":1787016056344,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to describe the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis (LF), soil\u2010transmitted helminthiasis (STH) and schistosomiasis (SC) in Indonesia before and after PC implementation through a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for articles published between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 2022, reporting LF, STH and SC in Indonesia. Using the Ministry of Health lists of districts receiving PC programs, we identified whether data collection was conducted before or after PC implementation in that particular district. A meta\u2010analysis was performed with a random\u2010effects model applied to pool pre\u2010 and post\u2010PC prevalence of LF, STH and SC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Overall, 195 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of LF was 9.72% (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 5.56%\u201313.87%). The pre\u2010\n PC<\/jats:styled-content>\n pooled prevalence of LF was 11.48% (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 5.52%\u201317.45%). The prevalence decreased after\n PC<\/jats:styled-content>\n implementation, and the pooled prevalence was 7.12% (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.79%\u201312.44%). The overall prevalence of STH was 35.16% (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 30.36%\u201339.96%). The pre\u2010\n PC<\/jats:styled-content>\n prevalence of STH was 36.29% (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 30.37%\u201342.20%). The post\u2010\n PC<\/jats:styled-content>\n prevalence of STH decreased at 31.93% (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 24.25%\u201339.62%), although the difference between before and after\n PC<\/jats:styled-content>\n was not significant (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.379). Only nine studies investigated the prevalence of SC; based on the random\u2010effects model, the pooled prevalence was 21.90% (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 4.88%\u201338.92%). Owing to the scarcity of studies, we could not perform the funnel tests for publication bias and moderating variables of the pooled prevalence for SC.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of LF and STH decreased after PC implementation, although it was not significant. The difference for SC could not be assessed because of limited post\u2010PC data. The uneven distribution of research and the lack of standardised sampling methods may not fully capture the situation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.14057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T06:51:47Z","timestamp":1731739907000},"page":"995-1005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of preventive chemotherapy for neglected tropical diseases in Indonesia from 1992 to 2022: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0374-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa Herdiana","family":"Murhandarwati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and 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