{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T07:47:03Z","timestamp":1775116023896,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312656\/2019\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312656\/2019\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite existing recommendations, there is still a scarcity of evidence on the impact of active case finding strategies versus passive case finding strategies, especially with regard to the mortality of tuberculosis patients. Therefore, our aim was to estimate the effect of case detection strategies on the prognosis of tuberculosis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 160,384\u00a0new cases of tuberculosis patients diagnosed between 1 January 2010 and 31 August 2019 in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. We classified exposure into: passive case finding (emergency room, outpatient clinics or hospital settings) and active case finding (institutions, community or contact investigation). The primary outcome was all\u2010cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was a composite outcome with treatment outcomes. We investigated associations using logistic regression, allowing for municipality\u2010level random effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with outpatient passive case finding, passive case finding in the emergency room and in the hospital showed higher odds of death (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.69; 95% CI: 3.47\u20133.93 and 4.47; 95% CI: 4.22\u20134.74, respectively) and unfavourable treatment outcomes (1.92; 95% CI: 1.84\u20131.99 and 2.06; 95% CI: 1.98\u20132.14, respectively). By contrast, patients detected through community\u2010based active case finding and contact investigation showed lower odds of death (0.77; 95% CI: 0.61\u20130.97 and 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54\u20130.92, respectively) and unfavourable treatment outcomes (0.85; 95% CI: 0.77\u20130.95 and 0.82; 95% CI: 0.74\u20130.91, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Community\u2010based active case finding and contact investigation were associated with better prognosis than passive strategies in tuberculosis patients. Our results highlight the importance of strengthening active case finding as a fundamental part of mitigating the disease burden and controlling tuberculosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.14074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T04:09:44Z","timestamp":1735272584000},"page":"108-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of case detection strategies on the prognosis of tuberculosis patients in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, 2010\u201319: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6674-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M\u00e1rio Nunes","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1134-1930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredi Alexander","family":"Diaz\u2010Quijano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Infer\u00eancia Causal em Epidemiologia (LINCE\u2010USP), School of Public Health University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2024","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Boletim epidemiol\u00f3gico\u2014tuberculose 2024","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade do Brasil, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade e Ambiente","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. 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