{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:00:26Z","timestamp":1774609226988,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]],"date-time":"2025-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP 1157643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP 1157643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007224","name":"National Foundation for Science and Technology Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHMRC.108.02\u20102018.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHMRC.108.02\u20102018.01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031320","name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drug\u2010related adverse events cause poorer treatment outcomes amongst people with multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis, exacerbating a major global public health problem. The <jats:italic>Harnessing new mHealth technologies to Strengthen the Management of Multi\u2010Drug\u2010Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam<\/jats:italic> (V\u2010SMART) trial tests whether a mobile health (mHealth) application (app) can optimise management of drug\u2010related adverse events, within routine health services in Vietnam. Implementation of digital health within routine services is complex and driven by behaviour change as well as a range of health system factors. Understanding implementation is key to informing the evidence base for digital health prior to scale up, despite its potential appeal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through a process evaluation of the V\u2010SMART trial, we aim to (i) understand the multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis service delivery context and how trial procedures are implemented within services; (ii) describe \u2018dose\u2019 and \u2018reach\u2019 of the app; and (iii) understand health worker and patient perspectives of app implementation and identify areas for improvement.<\/jats:p><jats:p>To achieve this, we will (i) conduct process maps (patient flow maps) to describe implementation of the mHealth intervention within routine multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis health services including adverse event management pathways at different levels of the health system; (ii) measure app usage by all participating health workers and people with multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis over time; and (iii) conduct a total of up to 45 semi\u2010structured interviews in seven provinces, with people with multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis, health workers, and policymakers, to identify determinants of app uptake and suggestions for future person\u2010centred app design. Interview topic guides are informed by the Theoretical Framework for Acceptability, Normalisation Process Theory, and the Tailored Implementation of Chronic Diseases framework respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The process evaluation will strongly complement the parent trial impact evaluation, and the economic evaluation. Moreover, it will inform future tailored approaches to scaling up digital health as part of broader health system strengthening initiatives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.14091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]],"date-time":"2025-02-16T23:49:11Z","timestamp":1739749751000},"page":"273-282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An <scp>mHealth<\/scp> app technology to strengthen adverse event management of multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis in Vietnam: Protocol for a process evaluation of the V\u2010<scp>SMART<\/scp> trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Binh Hoa","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Lung Hospital  Hanoi Vietnam"},{"name":"Hanoi Medical University  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4046-9666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tho T. H.","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research  New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duy Trinh","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research  New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thu Thuong","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Lung Hospital  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luong","family":"Van Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Lung Hospital  Hanoi Vietnam"},{"name":"Hanoi Medical University  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viet Nhung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Lung Hospital  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinh Hoa","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Information and Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Centre  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2893-5863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorothy","family":"Drabarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tram N. 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