{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:26:08Z","timestamp":1789057568381,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Schistosomiasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis simultaneously affect areas in tropical and subtropical regions. Co\u2010infected individuals show a less\u2010than\u2010optimal response to treatment and increased regulatory immune responses. However, no study has determined where <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> co\u2010infections are more likely to occur.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from The Global Health Observatory were collected to determine the worldwide endemicity status of schistosomiasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis in 2023. To determine co\u2010endemic areas at a local level, an ecological study was conducted on confirmed cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2013 and 2017. Local Indicators of Spatial Association analyses were used to search for co\u2010endemic hotspots.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010one countries were considered co\u2010endemic, 23 of which presented active transmission of both diseases. Univariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association indicated 13 municipalities as high\u2013high clusters for both American tegumentary leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis in Minas Gerais. Furthermore, bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association analyses identified 61 municipalities as high\u2013high clusters, grouped in seven co\u2010endemic hotspots.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Local Indicators of Spatial Association analyses are a useful tool for identifying areas where co\u2010infection cases are more likely to occur. Similar analyses will assist authorities and healthcare providers when formulating policies and treating <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> co\u2010infected patients and will provide valuable data to enable researchers to explore the impact of this and other co\u2010infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.14118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:51:34Z","timestamp":1745801494000},"page":"556-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Co\u2010endemicity of schistosomiasis and tegumentary leishmaniasis: Spatial co\u2010clustering in endemic areas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0501-2508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genil Moror\u00f3 Ara\u00fajo","family":"Camelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de 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