{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:53:58Z","timestamp":1793174038450,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis, HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, remain major global health challenges. Effective treatment adherence is crucial for improving patient outcomes and health education plays a key role in enhancing adherence. However, evidence for the most effective educational interventions remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health education interventions in improving treatment adherence among patients with chronic communicable diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis were conducted following the preferred item for systematic review and meta\u2010analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Web of Science for studies published between 2015 and 2024. Eligible studies included randomised controlled trials. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mantel\u2010Haenszel method to estimate odds ratios (OR) and standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effects model. Meta\u2010regression was conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventeen studies involving 4,157 participants were included. Health education interventions significantly improved treatment adherence compared to usual care (OR 2.42; 95% CI: 1.58\u20133.72;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.0001). Subgroup analyses showed the highest effectiveness in remote\u2010based interventions (OR 5.65; 95% CI: 2.37\u201313.47), among patients with tuberculosis (OR 6.52; 95% CI: 3.59\u201311.84), and in upper\u2010middle\u2010income countries (OR 4.54; 95% CI: 1.54\u201313.39). Meta\u2010regression indicated that younger participant age and intervention type were significant moderators, with media\u2010based and remote\u2010based showing greater effectiveness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health education interventions significantly improve treatment adherence among patients with chronic communicable diseases, particularly those with tuberculosis and hepatitis C. Remote\u2010based models, such as mHealth platforms and digital reminders, demonstrate the highest effectiveness, especially in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries where stigma and limited healthcare access remain key barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.14133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T05:29:44Z","timestamp":1748323784000},"page":"598-612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effectiveness of health education in improving treatment adherence among patients with chronic communicable diseases: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8009-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lutfian","family":"Lutfian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and 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