{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:19:15Z","timestamp":1784607555754,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3288\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3288\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["313633\/2018\u20105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313633\/2018\u20105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010629","name":"Fulbright Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the prevalence of anti\u2010phenolic glycolipid\u2010I (PGL\u2010I) IgM antibodies among temporarily unfit blood donors at the Par\u00e1 State Blood Bank (HEMOPA), located in the Amazon region of northern Brazil. Using an arbitrary high cutoff for optical density (OD \u22650.750) in ELISA, a subset of donors was invited for clinical evaluation for leprosy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temporarily unfit individuals were invited to participate, and blood samples were collected for anti\u2010PGL\u2010I IgM titration by ELISA. Donors with high OD values were referred for clinical examination, slit skin smear (SSS) bacilloscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting <jats:italic>M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific repetitive element (RLEP) sequences from dermal scrapes of the earlobes and peripheral blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From an annual average of 2762 temporarily unfit donors (2019\u20132023), 500 (16.6%) were tested for anti\u2010PGL\u2010I IgM. Of these, 20\/500 (4.0%) had high antibody titres, and 8\/20 (40.0%) attended clinical evaluation, resulting in 5\/8 (62.5%) newly diagnosed cases of leprosy. Among these, <jats:italic>Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic> detection yielded positivity rates of 2\/8 (25.0%) by SSS bacilloscopy, 3\/7 (42.9%) by qPCR of dermal scrapes, and 2\/8 (25.0%) by qPCR of peripheral blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using an anti\u2010PGL\u2010I IgM cutoff of OD \u22650.750, we identified a significant proportion of undiagnosed leprosy cases among temporarily unfit blood donors. These findings support the need for targeted leprosy screening in this population. Regardless of qPCR results, individuals with clinical signs of leprosy require appropriate treatment and assessment of their eligibility for blood donation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T21:04:19Z","timestamp":1751576659000},"page":"1018-1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Leprosy in blood donors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1287-2469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika Vanessa","family":"Oliveira Jorge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato\u2010Immunology Laboratory Federal University of Par\u00e1  Marituba Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Blood Bank of Par\u00e1 State (Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Estado do Par\u00e1, HEMOPA)  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica Rita","family":"Gobbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato\u2010Immunology Laboratory Federal University of Par\u00e1  Marituba Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1201-8927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabelle Laissa Viana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato\u2010Immunology Laboratory Federal University of Par\u00e1  Marituba Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8604-997X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Carvalho","family":"Bouth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato\u2010Immunology Laboratory Federal University of Par\u00e1  Marituba Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e2mela Miranda","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato\u2010Immunology Laboratory Federal University of Par\u00e1  Marituba Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Caroline","family":"Cunha Messias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato\u2010Immunology Laboratory Federal University of Par\u00e1  Marituba Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0817-3486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josaf\u00e1 Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato\u2010Immunology Laboratory Federal University of Par\u00e1  Marituba Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Spatial Epidemiology (LabEE), Federal University of Par\u00e1  Castanhal Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Fagundes","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato\u2010Immunology Laboratory Federal University of Par\u00e1  Marituba Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo Diego","family":"do Carmo Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato\u2010Immunology Laboratory Federal University of Par\u00e1  Marituba Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Human and Medical Genetics Laboratory Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3886-7083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moises Batista","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato\u2010Immunology Laboratory Federal University of Par\u00e1  Marituba Par\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8051-3038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Stewart","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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