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This study evaluated clinically diagnosed leprosy patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009251) from Sergipe and Minas Gerais, Brazil, along with healthy controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200943), soil\u2010transmitted helminths\u2010positive controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), and household contacts (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009176). Enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays were performed using predicted B\u2010cell epitopes from immunogenic proteins of <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> sp., <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ancylostoma duodenale<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Necator americanus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Among leprosy patients, 123 (49%) were IgG seropositive for at least one soil\u2010transmitted helminths antigen. Nine (7.3%) had optical density (OD) values exceeding 2\u2010fold the cut\u2010off, six (4.9%) surpassed 3\u2010fold and one exceeded 7\u2010fold. In patients with documented reactions (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200934), seropositivity was observed in 6 with neuritis, 14 with type 1 reaction (T1R) and 14 with type 2 reaction (T2R), totaling 61.8%. Among household contacts, 96 (54.5%) were seropositive. Stratified analyses revealed significant differences in IgG levels between soil\u2010transmitted helminths\u2010seropositive and seronegative individuals within both paucibacillary and multibacillary groups, despite no overall association with operational classification. These findings suggest that helminth exposure may influence immune responses within leprosy subtypes and contribute to reactional episodes. The high seroprevalence observed in both patients and household contacts highlights shared environmental exposure and supports the inclusion of helminth monitoring in leprosy control strategies. Early detection and treatment of co\u2010infections may reduce immune imbalances and severe inflammatory outcomes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the immunological mechanisms underlying helminth\u2013leprosy interactions and to strengthen integrated approaches in public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T14:18:56Z","timestamp":1755353936000},"page":"1115-1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Serological Evidence of Soil\u2010Transmitted Helminth Infections as a Potential Risk for Severity in Leprosy Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-7502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Laura","family":"Grossi de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology and Control of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais 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