{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T09:08:50Z","timestamp":1781428130495,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV\u2010003970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV\u2010003970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009647","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMoH\/DECIT\/CNPq\u2010#443148\/2019\u20108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMoH\/DECIT\/CNPq\u2010#443148\/2019\u20108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study is to describe malaria\u2010related deaths and assess their risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a case\u2013control study using data from Brazil's Ministry of Health (2011\u20132020) on malaria\u2010related deaths (ICD\u201010: B50\u2010B54). A probabilistic record linkage was performed to match epidemiological data (Sivep\u2010Malaria and Sinan) with death records from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Cases were defined as individuals who died of malaria, and controls were malaria cases that did not result in death. Logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with malaria mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 632 malaria\u2010related deaths were recorded, with 454 (71.8%) occurring in the Amazon region and 178 (28.1%) outside it. Risk factors in the Amazon included age (&lt;\u20096\u2009months or &gt;\u200960\u2009years;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264\u20090.01), delayed treatment (&gt;\u200948\u2009h;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001), illiteracy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), and living in indigenous population villages (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001), while active case detection was protective (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). In the Extra\u2010Amazon, risk factors included delayed treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.049),\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      or mixed infections (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.049), foreign\u2010acquired infections (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), and higher education level (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03)\u2014which is a proxy for increased income and travel frequency, which may increase the likelihood of exposure in endemic areas and delayed diagnosis upon return.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This nationwide record\u2010linkage study shows that malaria deaths remain concentrated in socially vulnerable groups: infants, older adults, and especially indigenous populations living in the Amazon. Delayed treatment is also a determinant for deaths, in both endemic and non\u2010endemic regions, while active case detection markedly reduces the odds of death. To reach Brazil's zero\u2010malaria\u2010death target by\u20092030, it is needed to improve timely diagnosis and treatment, to enhance epidemiological information systems along with active surveillance amplification in remote communities. Finally, integrating national health\u2010information systems allows real\u2010time monitoring, and with coordinated action, eliminating malaria deaths remains achievable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:42:12Z","timestamp":1758710532000},"page":"1194-1210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Towards Malaria Elimination: A Nationwide Case\u2013Control Study to Assess Risk Factors for Severe Malaria\u2010Related Deaths in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2268-8742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klauss K. S.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine University of Brasilia  Brasilia Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health The London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7412-9390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Z.","family":"Laporta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences FMABC Medical School University Centre  Santo Andr\u00e9 S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9148-5063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth Carmen","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine University of Brasilia  Brasilia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5531-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyi","family":"Soremekun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology The London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7537-7561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Amaral","family":"Abrah\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Brasilia  Brasilia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4960-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Coutinho","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine University of Brasilia  Brasilia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anielle","family":"de Pina Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fluminense Federal University  Niter\u00f3i Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3374-9985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus Vin\u00edcius","family":"Guimar\u00e3es Lacerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado  Manaus Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4863-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Drakeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology The London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5085-5670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter Massa","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine University of Brasilia  Brasilia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 M.","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz)  Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2024","author":"WHO","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016\u20132030","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7060179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Elimina Mal\u00e1ria Brasil: National Malaria Elimination Plan","author":"Brazil","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Malaria Treatment Guide 2021","author":"Brazil","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Malaria Bulletin 2020","author":"Brazil","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-0276140228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Malaria Dashboard","author":"Brazil","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"TABNET DATASUS","author":"Brazil","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-81232007000300027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.898528"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-1017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-6-128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2014.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-022-00945-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8120519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04141-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv322"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Procedures for Health Data Linkage: Applications in Health Surveillance","volume":"31","author":"Garcia K. 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