{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:26:09Z","timestamp":1791656769485,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["226474\/Z\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["226474\/Z\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vector\u2010borne diseases, exacerbated by climate change, present an escalating global health threat, necessitating robust surveillance and climate\u2010informed early warning systems to predict outbreaks and enable timely interventions. This systematic review aims to synthesise the challenges and strategies involved in developing and operationalising early warning systems for vector\u2010borne diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search across multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase) and performed a manual search using predefined keywords up to 05 November 2024. Eleven papers were selected for the reviewing process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While early warning systems show significant promise in enhancing outbreak prediction and guiding timely public health interventions, several key challenges persist. Inadequate data quality and integration\u2014characterised by fragmented epidemiological, entomological and meteorological datasets\u2014compromise predictive accuracy. The review also highlights gaps in stakeholder engagement and capacity building. Without comprehensive training and active collaboration among public health officials, climate scientists and data analysts, the practical application and sustainability of these systems are undermined. Enhancing data harmonisation through standardised collection processes and integration protocols is crucial for improving model reliability. The adoption of scalable, cloud\u2010based platforms can mitigate technical and infrastructural limitations by enabling real\u2010time data processing and robust computational capabilities. Strengthening interdisciplinary collaborations\u2014bringing together experts from diverse fields\u2014can refine predictive models and ensure that system outputs are both accurate and actionable. Furthermore, tailored capacity\u2010building initiatives are vital for empowering local authorities to effectively interpret and implement early warning systems' warning signals. Finally, optimising communication strategies by simplifying technical outputs and developing user\u2010friendly interfaces can bridge the gap between complex predictive analytics and practical decision\u2010making processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Addressing these challenges through integrated solutions will enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of early warning systems, ultimately improving outbreak preparedness and response for vector\u2010borne diseases in a changing climate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T07:22:01Z","timestamp":1758871321000},"page":"10-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Challenges and Strategies for the Development and Implementation of Climate\u2010Informed Early Warning Systems for Vector\u2010Borne Diseases: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1662-2483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cong Tuan","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environment and Population Health School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9108-905X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ha Thu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environment and Population Health School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Hanoi Medical University  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5852-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong H. T. C.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2807-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nu Quy Linh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3197-0969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kien Quoc","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Department of Disease Prevention and Control Pasteur Institute  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinh","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of 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