{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:38:29Z","timestamp":1790192309055,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022089","name":"University of Botswana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Group A \u03b2\u2010haemolytic Streptococcus, also known as\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , commonly causes childhood\u00a0pharyngitis and can lead to severe complications like acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Timely penicillin\u00a0treatment is vital in preventing these issues. However, data on the prevalence of Group A \u03b2\u2010haemolytic Streptococcus\u00a0pharyngitis\u00a0in\u00a0Botswana are limited, and there is no national surveillance for Group A \u03b2\u2010haemolytic Streptococcus infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Group A \u03b2\u2010haemolytic Streptococcus pharyngitis among children aged 8 and 18\u2009years presenting with sore throats in selected Gaborone clinics and assess the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of Group A \u03b2\u2010haemolytic Streptococcus isolates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among children aged 8\u201318\u2009years suspected of pharyngitis at Nkoyaphiri and Mafitlhakgosi clinics in Gaborone. Participants were selected based on a modified Centor score of 2 or higher. Throat swabs were processed for culture, identification, and antibiotic sensitivity testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of Group A \u03b2\u2010haemolytic Streptococcus pharyngitis was 7.5% (24\/322; 95% CI: 0.50%\u20130.11%). The mean age of the participants was approximately 12\u2009years. Group A \u03b2\u2010haemolytic Streptococcus isolates remained fully susceptible to penicillin, the treatment of choice, but concerns about macrolide resistance were observed in some strains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group A streptococcal pharyngitis was found in 7.5% of children with sore throats in Gaborone, Botswana. All Group A \u03b2\u2010haemolytic Streptococcus strains were susceptible to penicillin, affirming its continued use as the preferred treatment. These results emphasize the need for accurate diagnosis and targeted antibiotic therapy to prevent complications like acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T23:59:17Z","timestamp":1760659157000},"page":"176-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Antibiotic Susceptibility in Paediatric Patients With Sore Throats in Gaborone, Botswana"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Julius Chacha","family":"Mwita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Botswana  Gaborone Botswana"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Princess Marina Hospital  Gaborone Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souda","family":"Sajini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine University of Botswana  Gaborone Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e9lin","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tichaona Bernard","family":"Machiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Services Princess Marina Hospital  Gaborone Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Cochrane South Africa  Cape Town South\u00a0Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70300-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000023.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03360070063024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004406.pub5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes Strains Isolated From Throat Cultures of Children With Tonsillopharyngitis","volume":"25","author":"\u00c7ift\u00e7i E.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Ankara Medical School"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejenta.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182a5c32a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"997","volume-title":"Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries","author":"Nsubuga P.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-021-02824-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.11.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Building a Healthy Future\u2013Medical Education in Botswanahttps:\/\/www.chop.edu\/news\/building\u2010healthy\u2010future\u2010medical\u2010education\u2010botswana#:~:text=Botswana%20is%20considered%20a%20model country%20to%20benefit%20their%20people"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2017.05.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516375"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13879"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197810052991402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00732.x"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; 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