{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:54:04Z","timestamp":1792612444759,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81301352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81301352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexually transmitted infections, excluding HIV, continue to pose a major global public health burden, particularly amongst women of reproductive age. Despite strengthened global interventions, the distribution and trends of sexually transmitted infections vary significantly across regions and levels of the Socio\u2010Demographic Index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to assess the burden of sexually transmitted infections in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Indicators included incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability\u2010adjusted life years, stratified by age, sex, and Socio\u2010Demographic Index levels. Bayesian meta\u2010regression was used to estimate the average annual percentage change for each indicator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Amongst women aged 15\u201349, the global sexually transmitted infections incidence rate increased from 13,847.22 to 14,701.69 per 100,000 person\u2010years between 1990 and 2021 (average annual percentage change\u2009=\u200933.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Incidence rose for Chlamydial infection (average annual percentage change\u2009=\u200911.10), Genital herpes (average annual percentage change\u2009=\u20091.11), and Trichomoniasis (average annual percentage change\u2009=\u200934.76), but it declined for Gonococcal infection (average annual percentage change\u2009=\u2009\u221211.73). All burden indicators were negatively correlated with the Socio\u2010Demographic Index (incidence:\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.541; disability\u2010adjusted life years:\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.613;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for all). From 2022 to 2035, projections suggest a decrease in Chlamydial and Gonococcal infections, and a continued increase in Genital herpes and Trichomoniasis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexually transmitted infections remain a pressing global issue for women of reproductive age, particularly in low\u2010 and middle\u2010Socio\u2010Demographic Index regions such as East Asia, sub\u2010Saharan Africa, and Latin America. Enhanced sexual health education, broader access to care, and stronger surveillance systems are critical for reducing this burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T02:42:33Z","timestamp":1764556953000},"page":"207-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Global Burden of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women of Reproductive Age, 1990\u20132021: Global, Regional, and National Estimates From the Global Burden of Disease 2021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Song","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Hefei  Hefei 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