{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T02:09:22Z","timestamp":1775441362867,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["405946\/2021\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405946\/2021\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ\u201002511\u201022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ\u201002511\u201022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ\u201000720\u201023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ\u201000720\u201023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BPD\u201000754\u201022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPD\u201000754\u201022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004809","name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0122028300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0122028300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002923","name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIP 3179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIP 3179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      immunopathology is sustained by a progressive inflammatory process triggered by parasite antigens, resulting in structural and functional changes in infected organs. Current etiological treatments of benznidazole and nifurtimox show limited efficacy and high toxicity, particularly during chronic infection stages. To address these limitations, a novel 3D printing formulation was applied to nifurtimox (3D nifurtimox) to improve its dissolution and reduce cytotoxicity. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of 3D nifurtimox in experimental\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Female Swiss mice were infected with 4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      trypomastigotes of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (Y strain) and treated orally for 28\u2009days with nifurtimox (conventional or 3D) at doses of 25, 50 or 100\u2009mg\/kg or benznidazole 100\u2009mg\/kg. Survival rates, parasitemia and inflammatory profiles in cardiac and skeletal muscles were assessed through quantification of cytokines TNF, IL\u20106, CCL2 and IL\u201010.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3D nifurtimox at 50 and 100\u2009mg\/kg showed more efficacy in controlling blood parasites in mice surviving and regulating inflammatory cytokine patterns in cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues than conventional nifurtimox. In addition, 3D nifurtimox 100\u2009mg\/kg demonstrated complete parasite clearance and sustained protection even under immunosuppression. The improved efficacy is likely related to enhanced dissolution and bioavailability afforded by the 3D printing process, which transformed nifurtimox into an amorphous solid state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      3D nifurtimox represents a promising new version of nifurtimox capable of being used in low doses with comparable or superior effects to benznidazole (100\u2009mg\/kg) and can be considered a promising tool for anti\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      therapies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T04:55:07Z","timestamp":1769403307000},"page":"447-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic Potential of\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Printed Nifurtimox for Chagas Disease: Effects on Survival, Parasitemia Control and Immune Modulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4530-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Prata","family":"Menezes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Science Federal University of Ouro Preto  Ouro Preto Minas Gerais Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition Federal University of Ouro Preto  Ouro Preto Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vit\u00f3ria","family":"Louise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Infectiology and Tropical Medicine Federal University of Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9356-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirlaine","family":"Pio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Infectiology and Tropical Medicine Federal University of Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora Maria Soares","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Science Federal University of Ouro Preto  Ouro Preto Minas Gerais Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition Federal University of Ouro Preto  Ouro Preto Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2177-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Luiza","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics, School of Health Sciences University of Brasilia  Bras\u00edlia Distrito Federal Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Malta","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Science Federal University of Ouro Preto  Ouro Preto Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2479-2332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca Alves Almeida","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Science Federal University of Ouro Preto  Ouro Preto Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2020-1466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giselle","family":"Bedogni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences National University of Rosario  Rosario Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1798-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idejan Padilha","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics, School of Health Sciences University of Brasilia  Bras\u00edlia Distrito Federal Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1599-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio J.","family":"Salomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences National University of Rosario  Rosario Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9167-6852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcilio","family":"Cunha\u2010Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics, School of Health Sciences University of Brasilia  Bras\u00edlia Distrito Federal Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Talvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Science Federal University of Ouro Preto  Ouro Preto Minas Gerais Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition Federal University of Ouro Preto  Ouro Preto Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761909000200008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Chagas Disease (Also Known as American Trypanosomiasis)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02408-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.5.4.727"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.104128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2022.152243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/380803"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385895-5.00008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2025.101090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.926682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000100001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2023.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1998.tb03301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-020-00737-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-023-01414-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2017-0067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2023.115878"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17010080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90020-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Therapeutic Activity and Criterion of Cure on Mice Experimentally Infected With Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"6","author":"Brener Z.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.12.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2023.2241362"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31612-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202302210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2020.108061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00388-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4805-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.673070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.572178"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.70085","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tmi.70085","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.70085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T01:05:16Z","timestamp":1775437516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tmi.70085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tmi.70085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.70085","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}