{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T02:09:11Z","timestamp":1775441351963,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Leptospirosis is a globally significant yet often overlooked zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n bacteria. The disease manifests with a wide range of non\u2010specific symptoms, making clinical diagnosis challenging. It remains underreported especially in non\u2010endemic settings possibly due to lack of awareness, clinical features overlapping with other common diseases and non\u2010availability of suitable microbiological diagnostics. This study assessed the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in clinically suspected cases in a tertiary care hospital of New Delhi and it also evaluated the PCR test results obtained from urine and plasma specimens in anti\u2010\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n IgM positive patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A retrospective observational single centre study was conducted between January 2023 and December 2024. A total of 2181 patients, clinically suspected of leptospirosis, were serologically tested using anti\u2010\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n IgM ELISA kit (Panbio, Australia). Urine and whole blood specimens from sero\u2010positive patients were further analysed using an in\u2010house standardised PCR assay.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among the 2181, 448 (20.6%) tested positive for anti\u2010\n Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n IgM by ELISA. PCR testing was performed in a total of 350 out of 448 ELISA\u2010positive patients, of which 98 (28%) patients were found to be positive either from urine\/whole blood or both the specimens. A total of 140\/448 (31.3%) of the seropositive cases were categorised as possible leptospirosis, while 245\/448 (54.7%) were classified as presumptive leptospirosis based on modified Faine's criteria.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study highlights a significant seropositivity rate of leptospirosis among clinically suspected cases in a tertiary care setting in New Delhi, underscoring its clinical relevance even in non\u2010endemic regions. The combined use of serological testing and targeted PCR analysis provided complementary diagnostic value, aiding in more accurate case classification. These findings emphasise the need for heightened clinical awareness, improved diagnostic access and early detection strategies to better manage and control leptospirosis in urban healthcare settings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T13:20:16Z","timestamp":1770729616000},"page":"489-495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leptospirosis: Unveiling the Hidden Threat in a Non\u2010Endemic Region of India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2742-4204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanu","family":"Sagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2695-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vrushali","family":"Patwardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anusha","family":"Rathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamanna","family":"Bordoloi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nishant","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.17.4.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","article-title":"Leptospirosis in India: A Forgotten Tropical Disease","author":"Chaudhary A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12091167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100741"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475516687431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-24649"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1811_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_198_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"785","article-title":"Serological & Molecular Approaches for Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India: A 10\u2010Year Study","volume":"137","author":"Chaudhry R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Leptospirosis: Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India","volume":"24","author":"Deodhar D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"National Medical Journal of India"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Indian Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Human Leptospirosis","author":"Kumar S. S.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"822","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Northern India: A Clinical and Serological Study","volume":"34","author":"Sethi S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"290","article-title":"Leptospirosis in India: A Systematic Review and Meta \u2010 Analysis of Clinical Profile, Treatment and Outcome","volume":"31","author":"Gupta N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infezioni in Medicina"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Leptospirosis in India: Insights on Circulating Serovars, Research Lacunae and Proposed Strategies to Control Through One Health Approach","volume":"6","author":"Krishnan B. K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"One Health Outlook"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2021-0784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1791-9"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine & International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.70091","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tmi.70091","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.70091","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T01:05:05Z","timestamp":1775437505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tmi.70091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tmi.70091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.70091","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}