{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T02:09:24Z","timestamp":1775441364654,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011096","name":"Philippine Council for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015828","name":"Science Education Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of the Philippines","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, particularly in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries such as the Philippines, where limited resources and regulatory challenges heighten the risk. Community\u2010level assessments are critical for developing a context\u2010specific evidence base that informs local decision\u2010making. This study assessed the community AMR risk in a peri\u2010urban community (Mandug, Davao City, Philippines) using an integrated approach that combined wastewater detection of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), community survey and interviews on knowledge, practices, perceived hazards and the capacities of local government and clinical antimicrobial use (AMU). The \u03b2\u2010lactam antibiotics, particularly cephalosporins from the nearest tertiary hospital and amoxicillin, commonly used for self\u2010medication and livestock treatment, were identified as widely available in the area. These findings were supported by wastewater surveillance conducted at three sampling sites that represent Mandug's primary land use patterns: residential, agricultural and mixed\u2010use areas. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis detected multiple ARGs in both residential and agricultural wastewater samples, with\n                    <jats:italic>blatTEM<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>blaSHV<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>aac<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>6\u2032<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>\u2010lb\u2010cr<\/jats:italic>\n                    more prevalent in domestic use, and ermB, aac(6\u2032)\u2010lb\u2010cr and tet genes in agricultural areas. Multinomial regression analysis suggests that domestic ARG sources in Mandug may contribute more significantly to community wastewater ARG abundance than agricultural and commercial sources. The community survey indicated moderate knowledge of antibiotics, and existing knowledge gaps may contribute to unsafe practices like self\u2010medication and the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. Despite basic health infrastructure, factors such as population growth, backyard farming and insufficient implementation of national AMR policies increase vulnerability to AMR threats. Addressing AMR effectively requires a community\u2010centered, multidimensional One Health approach. Priorities include building local capacity, executing targeted public education campaigns, strengthening surveillance systems and enforcing local policy reforms within the local government unit.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T02:16:27Z","timestamp":1770603387000},"page":"508-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrative Profiling of Antimicrobial Resistance Risks in a Philippine Peri\u2010Urban Community: Insights From Clinical Data, Wastewater Analysis and Community Engagement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4066-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Catherine B.","family":"Otero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine University of the Philippines Manila  Manila Philippines"},{"name":"College of Biology Davao Medical School Foundation Inc.  Davao City Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica Frances D.","family":"Barcinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, College of Science and Mathematics University of the Philippines Mindanao  Davao City Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Refeim M.","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Management University of the Philippines Los Ba\u00f1os  Los Ba\u00f1os Laguna Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dann Marie N.","family":"Del Mundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics University of the Philippines Mindanao  Davao City Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline Marie B.","family":"Jaraula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cura Terra Inc.  Quezon City Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn Esther E.","family":"Rallos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Department, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Mindanao State University \u2013 General Santos  General Santos City Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel S.","family":"Baja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine University of the Philippines Manila  Manila Philippines"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health University of the Philippines Manila  Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyre Anni E.","family":"Murao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, College of Science and Mathematics University of the Philippines Mindanao  Davao City Philippines"},{"name":"Philippine Genome Center Mindanao University of the Philippines Mindanao  Davao City Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(24)01867\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756\u2010017\u20100208\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jphe-23-184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(15)00474\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Tackling Drug\u2010Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations","author":"O'Neill J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(05)70189\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491212700103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503141112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2007.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16512235.2018.154824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c08918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666\u20105247(22)00029\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010022\u201001920\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsmc\/xtab011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7036a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148789"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Inter\u2010Agency Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance Philippine National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2024\u20132028 \u201d2024 Manila: Department of Health."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cGlobal Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance \u201d2015 Geneva: WHO."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15051316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201077124\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"\u201cBarangay Mandug. 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