{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:13:40Z","timestamp":1788315220564,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020864","name":"Madda Walabu University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010adherence to tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is a critical issue in Ethiopia and other Sub\u2010Saharan African countries, where both TB and HIV burdens are high. To reduce TPT non\u2010adherence among PLHIV, it is crucial to identify those at risk and implement targeted interventions. Therefore, the main objective is to identify subgroups based on co\u2010occurring risk factors for non\u2010adherence and examine their association with TPT adherence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted at selected health centres and hospitals in West Arsi, Ethiopia. Data from 390 PLHIV were collected through structured questionnaires administered via face\u2010to\u2010face interviews. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify distinct subgroups, defined by risk factors for non\u2010adherence, among PLHIV. Maximum Likelihood adjustment method was used to predict adherence outcome based on the identified latent classes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall prevalence rate of adherence in PLHIV was 60%. Two distinct latent classes emerged (prevalence rate noted): a \u201cLower risk of non\u2010adherence\u201d class (63%), and a \u201cHigher risk of non\u2010adherence\u201d class (37%). PLHIV in the \u201cHigher risk of non\u2010adherence\u201d class endorsed higher probabilities of each of the considered risk factors, particularly regarding perceiving the relationship with the healthcare provider and distance to the health facility as barriers, and were nearly twice as likely to be non\u2010adherent compared to those in the \u201cLower risk of non\u2010adherence\u201d class.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings emphasize the importance of considering co\u2010occurring risk factors for non\u2010adherence and tailoring interventions accordingly. This study suggests specific practical implications: for example, screening tools assessing non\u2010adherence risk, health providers training programs and strengthening of community\u2010based primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:54:51Z","timestamp":1778802891000},"page":"1250-1260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co\u2010Occurring Risk Factors for Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Non\u2010Adherence Among People Living With\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    in Ethiopia: A Latent Class Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7352-9237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edao Sinba","family":"Etu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Shashamene Campus, Madda Walabu University  Shashamene Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jet","family":"Fransen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biftu","family":"Geda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Shashamene Campus, Madda Walabu University  Shashamene Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemal Ahmed","family":"Kuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Shashamene Campus, Madda Walabu University  Shashamene Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anteneh","family":"Fikrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University  Bule Hora Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Spigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cWHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis. 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