{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:00:43Z","timestamp":1790848843656,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004431","name":"Fondation de France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015 00060746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015 00060746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH\/NICHD\u2010R21\u2010HD060524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NICHD\u2010R21\u2010HD060524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EDCTP\u2010IP.07.31080.002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDCTP\u2010IP.07.31080.002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In malaria\u2010endemic regions, repeated episodes of uncomplicated malaria during infancy are common; however, their associations with neurodevelopment remain unclear. We examined relationships between malaria frequency in infancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in early and middle childhood, using data from the APEC birth cohort nested within the MiPPAD birth cohort study of Benin. Children were enrolled between January 2010 and June 2011 and followed from birth to 24\u2009months of age. Malaria was assessed at scheduled visits at 6, 9 and 12\u2009months using both PCR and microscopy, and at unscheduled visits for symptomatic episodes using only microscopy; haemoglobin was measured concurrently. Neurodevelopment was assessed at age 1 and 6\u2009years. Analyses included 311 children at 1\u2010year and 248 at 6\u2010year assessments. Malaria exposure was defined as the number of episodes from birth to 1\u2010year neurodevelopmental assessment for three measures: (i) total malaria (PCR\u2010 or microscopy\u2010positive), (ii) symptomatic malaria (positive with fever) and (iii) malaria with anaemia (positive with haemoglobin &lt;\u200911.0\u2009g\/dL). Associations with neurodevelopment and haemoglobin's mediating role were assessed using adjusted generalized linear models and mediation analysis. We found that a higher number of symptomatic malaria episodes during infancy was associated with lower motor scores at age one (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : \u22122.81, [\u22124.73, \u22120.89]) and age six (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : \u22121.43, [\u22122.65, \u22120.22]), partially and potentially mediated by haemoglobin concentration. Malaria with anaemia was associated with lower motor scores at age one (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : \u22121.57, [\u22123.04, \u22120.10]) and age six (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : \u22120.96, [\u22121.86, \u22120.05]). No consistent associations were observed with cognitive outcomes. These findings indicate that uncomplicated malaria in infancy is an important risk factor for impaired child development and should not be overlooked. Integrating anaemia screening and management into malaria control and routine child health services may help mitigate long\u2010term developmental impacts in malaria\u2010endemic settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T06:52:40Z","timestamp":1781938360000},"page":"1395-1407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Uncomplicated Malaria in Infancy and Neurodevelopment at 1 and 6\u2009Years: Evidence From the\n                    <scp>MiPPAD<\/scp>\n                    Birth Cohort Study of Benin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9629-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juthathip","family":"Khongpetch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Medical Science Department University of Turin and CPO Piemonte  Turin Italy"},{"name":"University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia  Pavia PV Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Boivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Cot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 261\u2010MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Universit\u00e9 Paris Cite  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Milet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 261\u2010MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Universit\u00e9 Paris Cite  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rom\u00e9o","family":"Zoumenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 261\u2010MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Universit\u00e9 Paris Cite  Paris France"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin (IRCB)  Abomey\u2010Calavi Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Fermanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET (Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail) \u2013 UMR 1085, Ar\u00e8nes UMR 6051  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achille","family":"Massougbodji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin (IRCB)  Abomey\u2010Calavi Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Bodeau\u2010Livinec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 261\u2010MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Universit\u00e9 Paris Cite  Paris France"},{"name":"Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail) \u2013 UMR_S 1085  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2107.142036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Brain Development and the Role of Experience in the Early Years","volume":"30","author":"Tierney A. 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