{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T02:16:06Z","timestamp":1783044966650,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To assess the prevalence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      infection among foreign\u2010born individuals entering prison and to evaluate the performance of the tuberculin skin test (TST) in vaccinated individuals (Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin vaccine, BCG), using interferon gamma release assays (IGRAS) as the reference standard.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective observational study including foreign\u2010born individuals admitted to prisons in Catalonia (Spain) between 1 March 2023 and 30 June 2023. A TST was performed if there was no prior positive TST or prior TB infection, or if the TST was negative for more than 1\u2009year. Current TB was excluded by clinical and radiological evaluation. BCG vaccination status was assessed using medical records, identification of a vaccination scar, and the BCG World Atlas. TST positivity was analysed according to BCG vaccination status. Among BCG\u2010vaccinated individuals with a positive TST, IGRA results were used to estimate the positive predictive value (PPV) of the TST overall and by TST induration diameter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1075 foreign\u2010born individuals admitted during the study period, 32 (3.0%) had a previous diagnosis of active TB. Of the remaining 1043, 86.4% were classified as BCG\u2010vaccinated. Overall, 45.2% had a positive TST, with no significant difference between vaccinated individuals and unvaccinated individuals (46.1% vs. 39.9%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.08). Among BCG\u2010vaccinated individuals with a positive TST, IGRA testing was performed in 71%, yielding an overall TST PPV of 65%. The PPV increased with induration diameter, from 51.6% (10\u201314\u2009mm) to 81.8% (\u2265\u200920\u2009mm).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Foreign\u2010born individuals entering prison show a high prevalence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      infection. In BCG\u2010vaccinated individuals, the TST shows limited predictive value, particularly at lower induration thresholds. While further studies are needed, these findings support the preferential use of IGRA\u2010based strategies for LTBI screening in this setting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:21:17Z","timestamp":1783041677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance of Tuberculin Skin Testing Compared With Interferon\u2010Gamma Release Assays Foreign\u2010Born Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Marco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Penitentiary Health Program Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) Carlos III Institute of Health  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de la Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tuberculosis de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neus","family":"Sol\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penitentiary Health Program Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Prieto\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) Carlos III Institute of Health  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Epidemiology Service Barcelona Public Health Agency  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Ci\u00e8ncies Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS) Universitat Pompeu Fabra  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca de L'hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9005-2981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indiana Jes\u00fas","family":"Abdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penitentiary Health Program Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Pau","family":"Millet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) Carlos III Institute of Health  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de la Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Tuberculosis de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Epidemiology Service Barcelona Public Health Agency  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Turu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penitentiary Health Program Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Salut  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Study Group on Tuberculosis in Penitentiary Centers of Catalonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01245\u20102015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"OMS \u201cInforme Mundial Sobre la Tuberculosis \u201d(2024) https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default\u2010source\/global\u2010tuberculosis\u2010report\u20102024\/top\u2010findings\u2010and\u2010messages\u2010in\u2010the\u20102024\u2010reports.pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=fb7f9ede_46&download=true."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Naciones Unidas \u201cDeclaraci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica de la Reuni\u00f3n de Alto Nivel Sobre la Lucha Contra la tuberculosis \u201d(2023) https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/4025280?fbclid."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Statista Research Department \u201cRoutine Vaccination Coverage Globally as of 2022 by Vaccine type \u201d(2025) https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/785838\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2018.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00818-6","article-title":"Effect of BCG Vaccination Against \n                     Mycobacterium tuberculosis\n                   Infection in Adult Brazilian Health\u2010Care Workers: A Nested Clinical Trial","volume":"24","author":"Dos Santos P. 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