{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:13:43Z","timestamp":1783700023599,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Water pollution is an increasingly important but underintegrated determinant of maternal and newborn health. Drinking\u2010water contaminants such as heavy metals, nitrates, disinfection by\u2010products, pesticides, per\u2010 and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and industrial pollutants have been linked with adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes, but the evidence is dispersed across pollutant classes, outcomes and regions. We aimed to map the scope and nature of the published evidence on water pollution and perinatal or neonatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a scoping review using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reported the review in line with PRISMA\u2010ScR guidance. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched through December 2024, with supplementary hand\u2010searching of reference lists. Eligible studies evaluated exposure to water pollutants through drinking water or water supply systems and reported perinatal or neonatal outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened records and extracted data using a standardised form. Findings were synthesised descriptively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 138 records identified, 95 remained after duplicate removal, 65 underwent full\u2010text review and 42 studies were included. The evidence came from 26 countries across six continents. Prospective cohort, cross\u2010sectional and case\u2013control designs accounted for most studies. Heavy metals dominated the literature, especially arsenic and lead, while PFAS was the most prominent emerging contaminant group. Preterm birth, low birth weight and congenital anomalies were the most frequently examined outcomes. Across studies, higher exposure levels were repeatedly associated with adverse outcomes, with signals strongest for arsenic, lead, PFAS, cadmium, mercury, nitrates and mixed\u2010pollutant exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The available evidence consistently suggests that water pollution is relevant to perinatal and neonatal risk. The literature is strongest for growth restriction, prematurity, birth defects and mortality\u2010related outcomes, but important gaps remain in exposure standardisation, mixture analysis, neonatal phenotyping and intervention research. Water quality should be considered part of routine maternal\u2010child health protection, especially in high\u2010burden settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.70201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:27:37Z","timestamp":1783697257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Water Pollution and Perinatal or Neonatal Outcomes: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7284-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya Hemendra","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University  Karamsad Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinjini","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gray Matter Medical Consultations  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2825-2819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somashekhar Marutirao","family":"Nimbalkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics AIIMS Deoghar  Deoghar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darshak","family":"Makadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics AIIMS Deoghar  Deoghar India"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics PAL Hospital  Surat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shisher","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahesh Children's Polyclinic and Hospital  Bahraich UP India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sameer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics AIIMS Deoghar  Deoghar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Resolution 64\/292: The Human Right to Water and Sanitation","author":"United Nations General Assembly","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for Drinking\u2010Water Quality: Fourth Edition Incorporating the First Addendum","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6148","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237484","article-title":"Groundwater Arsenic Contamination Throughout China","volume":"341","author":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Lado L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0094-1","article-title":"A Review of the Pathways of Human Exposure to Poly\u2010 and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Present Understanding of Health Effects","volume":"29","author":"Sunderland E. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-environ-100809-125342","article-title":"Global Water Pollution and Human Health","volume":"35","author":"Schwarzenbach R. P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annual Review of Environment and Resources"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7688","article-title":"Low\u2010Level Environmental Lead Exposure and Children's Intellectual Function: An International Pooled Analysis","volume":"113","author":"Lanphear B. P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aogh.2014.09.005","article-title":"The Developmental Neurotoxicity of Arsenic: Cognitive and Behavioral Consequences of Early Life Exposure","volume":"80","author":"Tolins M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Global Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1601013","article-title":"Lead Contamination in Flint\u2014An Abject Failure to Protect Public Health","volume":"374","author":"Bellinger D. C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12756","article-title":"Adverse Effects of Maternal Lead Levels on Birth Outcomes in the ALSPAC Study: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study","volume":"122","author":"Taylor C. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002265","article-title":"Arsenic Exposure in Pregnancy Increases the Risk of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Diarrhea During Infancy in Bangladesh","volume":"119","author":"Rahman A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104494","article-title":"Evidence on the Human Health Effects of Low\u2010Level Methylmercury Exposure","volume":"120","author":"Karagas M. 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Part B, Critical Reviews"},{"issue":"9832","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4","article-title":"National, Regional, and Worldwide Estimates of Preterm Birth Rates in the Year 2010 With Time Trends Since 1990 for Selected Countries: A Systematic Analysis and Implications","volume":"379","author":"Blencowe H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9938","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60496-7","article-title":"Every Newborn: Progress, Priorities, and Potential Beyond Survival","volume":"384","author":"Lawn J. 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J.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA\u2010ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco A. C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.70201","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tmi.70201","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tmi.70201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:27:46Z","timestamp":1783697266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tmi.70201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tmi.70201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.70201","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"tmi.70201"}}