{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:21:44Z","timestamp":1785324104300,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Topics in Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amnesia is a frequent claim in major crimes, and it is estimated that the complete or partial absence of memory following a crime ranges from 25% to 50% of total cases. Although some cases may constitute a genuine form of amnesia, due to organic\u2010neurological defects or psychological causes, and possibly combined with a dissociative or repressive coping style after an extreme experience, malingering is still fairly common in offenders. Therefore, one of the main goals in medico\u2010legal proceedings is to find methods to determine the credibility of crime\u2010related amnesia. At present, a number of lie and memory detection techniques can assist the forensic assessment of the reliability of declarative proof, and have been devised and improved over the past century: for example, modern polygraphs, event\u2010related potentials, thermal imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, kinematic, and facial analysis. Other ad hoc psychological tests, such as the so\u2010called Symptom Validity Test (SVT) and Performance Validity Test (PVT), as well as the autobiographical Implicit Association Test (aIAT), can also be used. To date, however, there is little evidence or case reports that document their real usefulness in forensic practice. Here, we report two cases of crime\u2010related amnesia, whereby both defendants, who were found guilty of homicide, appeared to exhibit dissociative amnesia but where the application of SVTs, PVTs, and aIAT detected a malingered amnesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T06:38:35Z","timestamp":1677652715000},"page":"752-769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Two Cases of Malingered Crime\u2010Related Amnesia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Zago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Hospital Maggiore Policlinico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice N.","family":"Preti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology Laboratory IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Milano\u2010Bicocca"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Difonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Hospital Maggiore Policlinico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"D'Errico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Hospital Maggiore Policlinico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychology University of Padova"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Zangrossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychology University of Padova"},{"name":"Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC) University of Padova"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Bolognini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology Laboratory IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and NeuroMI University of Milano\u2010Bicocca"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1691"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01634.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices: Normative values on 305 adult normal controls","volume":"2","author":"Basso A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Functional Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.24.5.561.1004"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"Amnesia and crime","volume":"35","author":"Bourget D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Dissociation: Defining the concept in criminal forensic psychiatry","volume":"45","author":"Bourget D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb37625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.37.2.240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Offenders\u2019 memories of violent crimes","author":"Christianson S. A.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"I can't remember your honor: Offenders who claim amnesia","volume":"5","author":"Cima M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"German Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Amnesia: The forgotten justification for finding an accused incompetent to stand trial","volume":"20","author":"Cocklin K.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Washburn LJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Memory: What we think the psychiatrist should know in a forensic context","volume":"28","author":"Commane C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01973533.2010.519236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/11.7.589"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Neuropsychology of malingering casebook","author":"Denney R. L.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139560"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xap0000250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7303985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"1558","article-title":"Farwell Brain Fingerprinting in the case of Harrington v. State","volume":"3","author":"Farwell L. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30044-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.12.2.193.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15228932.2010.489875"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01997792"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-022-09444-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jlb\/lsx003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.6.1464"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2370040102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615575734"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00617"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","volume-title":"The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology","author":"Jelicic","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2003.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2370050307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","unstructured":"La Marca S. Rigoni D. Sartori G. &Lo Priore C.(2011).Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS): Manuale. Adattamento italiano. Firenze: Giunti OS."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028841"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617712000240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2018.1441421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21677026211018194"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-021-09441-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70795-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61304-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000377"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2017.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Offenders\u2019 memories of violent crimes","author":"Merckelbach H.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/18.2.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10683160208401822"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.023711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-021-09436-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1130-x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","first-page":"278","article-title":"Tre test clinici di memoria verbale a lungo termine: Taratura su soggetti normali","volume":"47","author":"Novelli G.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Archivio di Psicologia, Neurologia e Psichiatria"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"262","article-title":"Amnesia and homicide","volume":"10","author":"O'Connell B. A.","year":"1960","journal-title":"British Journal of Delinquency"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.729897"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2020.1870699"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691621990628"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691619862306"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"The detection of malingered amnesia in accused murderers","volume":"13","author":"Parwatikar S. D.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2013.771672"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000089223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1474-7766.2003.05159.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2370040107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(93)90023-F"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Brain fingerprinting: A critical analysis","volume":"4","author":"Rosenfeld J. P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","volume-title":"Detecting concealed information and deception. Recent developments","author":"Rosenfeld J. P.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS10075J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-29812-2_29"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-812729-2.00010-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2370040104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691619863798"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2012.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acaa019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.09.001"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Standardizzazione e Taratura Italiana di Test Neuropsicologici","volume":"6","author":"Spinnler H.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staniloiu A. &Markowitsch H. J.(2010).Searching for the anatomy of dissociative amnesia. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Psychologie\/Journal of Psychology 218(2) 96\u2013108.","DOI":"10.1027\/0044-3409\/a000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70279-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","first-page":"117","volume-title":"The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud","author":"Strachey J.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000971"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2021.1896036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2014.902467"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-013-0430-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","volume-title":"TOMM: Test of Memory Malingering","author":"Tombaugh T. N.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Amnesia and the determination of competency to stand trial","volume":"25","author":"Tysse J. E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Developments in Mental Health Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2014.984763"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/135532509X451304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-8-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2016.1189941"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_94_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"Polygraph in a complex narcotics\u2010related homicide case: A case history","volume":"40","author":"Walsh M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Polygraph"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265160590923367"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_96_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"The memory effects of simulating crime\u2010related amnesia: A review of experimental studies","volume":"9","author":"Wolsink L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Maastricht Student Journal of Psychology and Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_97_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Amnesia and crime: A neuropsychiatric response","volume":"36","author":"Wortzel H. S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00424"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00608"}],"container-title":["Topics in Cognitive Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tops.12643","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tops.12643","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tops.12643","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T20:51:26Z","timestamp":1729803086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tops.12643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tops.12643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tops.12643","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-8757","1756-8765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-8757","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-8765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}