{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:03:49Z","timestamp":1789059829422,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Topics in Cognitive Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The appearance of colorful earth pigments\u2014primarily red ochre\u2014in the archaeological record dating back to at least 300,000 years ago has long been held by researchers to signal the emergence of symbolic behavior in humanity. Specifically, the deliberate selection and use of this material is connected to its bright color and its ability to transfer that color onto human skin, rock surfaces, and many other materials. Despite this recognition that colorants\u2014and color selection\u2014represent some of the earliest evidence for emerging symbolic capacities in our lineage, clear description and discussion of the visual qualities of \u201csymbolic material culture\u201d recovered from Pleistocene\u2010aged sites is surprisingly minimal. In this paper, we present results of a quantitative review of the archaeological literature surrounding early symbolic behavior in relation to how color and other visual aspects are reported. As well as highlighting trends and gaps in research to date, we outline how a more nuanced treatment of the visual qualities of raw materials and\/or artifacts created by hominins may provide new insights into the origin and development of symbolism in our genus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.70033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T21:15:26Z","timestamp":1763500526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Paleolithic in Color: Color and Other Visual Qualities in Archaeological Discussions of Early Symbolic Behavior"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Langley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Center for Human Evolution (ARCHE) Griffith University"},{"name":"Archaeology, School of Science and Environment Griffith University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirani","family":"Litster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Flinders University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Why we need an alternative approach to the study of modern human behaviour","volume":"37","author":"Ames C. 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