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There are striking cross\u2010linguistic differences in the color lexicon, which are primarily attributed to differences in communicative needs, but also striking commonalities, attributed to a common human perceptual system. Here, we challenge this notion of a uniform perceptual structure by experimentally comparing participants from two populations, French from France and Himba from Namibia. They differ in the amount of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which influences color perception through its effects on eye physiology cumulatively during the individual's lifetime. We found, even after controlling for potential confounds at the individual, color\u2010naming, and cultural levels, that color perception is affected by age significantly more in the Himba participants, suggesting that besides communicative needs, perceptual structure can play a dual role, contributing to both cross\u2010linguistic universals and differences in the color lexicon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.70068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T19:34:41Z","timestamp":1781897681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["There Is More Than Meets the Eye: The Dual Role of Perception in Shaping Color Lexicons"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2945-0537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathilde","family":"Josserand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole de Psychologie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Sociales Universit\u00e9 Laval"},{"name":"Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage Universit\u00e9 Lyon 2 \/ CNRS UMR 5596"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0704-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Dediu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Catalan Philology and General Linguistics University of Barcelona"},{"name":"University of Barcelona Institute for Complex Systems (UBICS)"},{"name":"Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6456-1953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage Universit\u00e9 Lyon 2 \/ CNRS UMR 5596"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6922-4449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"Caparos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire DysCo Universit\u00e9 Paris 8"},{"name":"Institut Universitaire de France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107337930.009","volume-title":"Handbook of color psychology","author":"Barbur J. 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