{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:35:30Z","timestamp":1787776530126,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,21]],"date-time":"2015-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000944","name":"Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000944","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Non\u2010homologous end joining (NHEJ<\/jats:styled-content>) is the major model proposed for Agrobacterium<\/jats:italic> T\u2010DNA<\/jats:styled-content> integration into the plant genome. In animal cells, several proteins, including KU<\/jats:styled-content>70, KU<\/jats:styled-content>80, ARTEMIS<\/jats:styled-content>, DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PK<\/jats:styled-content>cs, DNA<\/jats:styled-content> ligase IV<\/jats:styled-content> (LIG<\/jats:styled-content>4), Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM<\/jats:styled-content>), and ATM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 and Rad3\u2010related (ATR<\/jats:styled-content>), play an important role in \u2018classical\u2019 (c)NHEJ<\/jats:styled-content>. Other proteins, including histone H1 (HON<\/jats:styled-content>1), XRCC<\/jats:styled-content>1, and PARP<\/jats:styled-content>1, participate in a \u2018backup\u2019 (b)NHEJ<\/jats:styled-content> process. We examined transient and stable transformation frequencies of Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic> roots mutant for numerous NHEJ<\/jats:styled-content> and other related genes. Mutants of KU<\/jats:styled-content>70<\/jats:italic>, KU<\/jats:styled-content>80<\/jats:italic>, and the plant\u2010specific DNA LIGASE VI<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> (LIG<\/jats:styled-content>6<\/jats:italic>) showed increased stable transformation susceptibility. However, these mutants showed transient transformation susceptibility similar to that of wild\u2010type plants, suggesting enhanced T\u2010DNA<\/jats:styled-content> integration in these mutants. These results were confirmed using a promoter\u2010trap transformation vector that requires T\u2010DNA<\/jats:styled-content> integration into the plant genome to activate a promoterless gusA (uidA<\/jats:italic>) gene, by virus\u2010induced gene silencing (VIGS<\/jats:styled-content>) of Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic> NHEJ<\/jats:styled-content> genes, and by biochemical assays for T\u2010DNA<\/jats:styled-content> integration. No alteration in transient or stable transformation frequencies was detected with atm<\/jats:italic>, atr<\/jats:italic>, lig4<\/jats:italic>, xrcc1<\/jats:italic>, or parp1<\/jats:italic> mutants. However, mutation of parp1<\/jats:italic> caused high levels of T\u2010DNA<\/jats:styled-content> integration and transgene methylation. A double mutant (ku80<\/jats:italic>\/parp1<\/jats:italic>), knocking out components of both NHEJ<\/jats:styled-content> pathways, did not show any decrease in stable transformation or T\u2010DNA<\/jats:styled-content> integration. Thus, T\u2010DNA<\/jats:styled-content> integration does not require known NHEJ<\/jats:styled-content> proteins, suggesting an alternative route for integration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T15:39:04Z","timestamp":1422632344000},"page":"934-946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Agrobacterium<\/i> T\u2010DNA<\/scp> integration into the plant genome can occur without the activity of key non\u2010homologous end\u2010joining proteins"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"So\u2010Yon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA"},{"name":"Plant Transformation Core Facility University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA"},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarir","family":"Vaghchhipawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balaji","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan\u2010Ying","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjia","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamy","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanda M.","family":"Waterworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Plant Sciences University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanyuan J.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Transformation Core Facility University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Plant Sciences University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirankumar S.","family":"Mysore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biology Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanton B.","family":"Gelvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1086391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-20-0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Genetic requirements for the targeted integration of Agrobacterium T\u2010DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"31","author":"Attikum H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids 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