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A polyamine oxidase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>PAO<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) gene was identified and cloned by screening suppression subtractive hybridisation and c<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> libraries of cotton genotypes tolerant to <jats:italic>Verticillium<\/jats:italic> wilt and was induced early and strongly by inoculation with <jats:italic>V.\u00a0dahliae<\/jats:italic> and application of plant hormone. Recombinant cotton polyamine oxidase (Gh<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAO<\/jats:styled-content>) was found to catalyse the conversion of spermine (Spm) to spermidine (Spd) <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>. Constitutive expression of <jats:italic>Gh<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAO<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic> produced improved resistance to <jats:italic>V.\u00a0dahliae<\/jats:italic> and maintained putrescine, Spd and Spm at high levels. Hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), salicylic acid and camalexin (a phytoalexin) levels were distinctly increased in <jats:italic>Gh<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAO<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010overexpressing Arabidopsis plants during <jats:italic>V.\u00a0dahliae<\/jats:italic> infection when compared with wild\u2010type plants, and Spm and camalexin efficiently inhibited growth of <jats:italic>V.\u00a0dahliae in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>. Spermine promoted the accumulation of camalexin by inducing the expression of mitogen\u2010activated protein kinases and cytochrome P450 proteins in Arabidopsis and cotton plants. The three polyamines all showed higher accumulation in tolerant cotton cultivars than in susceptible cotton cultivars after inoculation with <jats:italic>V.\u00a0dahliae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Gh<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAO<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> silencing in cotton significantly reduced the Spd level and increased the Spm level, leading to enhanced susceptibility to infection by <jats:italic>V.\u00a0dahliae<\/jats:italic>, and the levels of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and camalexin were distinctly lower in <jats:italic>Gh<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAO<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010silenced cotton plants after <jats:italic>V.\u00a0dahliae<\/jats:italic> infection. Together, these results suggest that <jats:italic>Gh<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAO<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> contributes to resistance of the plant against <jats:italic>V.\u00a0dahliae<\/jats:italic> through the mediation of Spm and camalexin signalling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]],"date-time":"2015-07-27T09:51:28Z","timestamp":1437990688000},"page":"962-975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Cotton polyamine oxidase is required for spermine and camalexin signalling in the defence response to <i>Verticillium dahliae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingfen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiyin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfa","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State University Box\u00a030003 Las Cruces NM 88003 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiying","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2004.02229.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.109.066670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2014.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20080625"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-04-12-0073-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(90)85157-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erq341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2006.00323.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.15.00121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.43.040204.135923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.171413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.124.1.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eru436"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124782","article-title":"Inhibition of cell growth by combination of alpha\u2010difluoromethylornithine and an inhibitor of spermine synthase","volume":"117","author":"He Y.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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