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As the fate of duplicated genes becomes more complicated when the encoded proteins function as oligomers, functional investigations into duplicated oligomer\u2010encoding genes in polyploid genomes will facilitate our understanding of how traits are expressed. In this study, we identified <jats:italic>Gm<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHLI<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>, a gene encoding the I subunit of magnesium (Mg)\u2010chelatase, which functions in hexamers as responsible for the semi\u2010dominant etiolation phenotype in soybean. Four <jats:italic>Gm<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHLI<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> copies derived from two polyploidy events were identified in the soybean genome. Further investigation with regard to expression patterns indicated that these four copies have diverged into two pairs; mutation in the other copy of the pair that includes <jats:italic>Gm<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHLI<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> also resulted in a chlorophyll\u2010deficient phenotype. Protein interaction assays showed that these four Gm<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHLI<\/jats:styled-content>s can interact with each other, but stronger interactions were found with mutated subunits. The results indicate that, in polyploidy, deficiency in each copy of duplicated oligomer\u2010encoding genes could result in a mutant phenotype due to hetero\u2010oligomer formation, which is different from the model of allelic dosage or functional redundancy. In addition, we interestingly found an increase in isoflavonoids in the heterozygous etiolated plants, which might be useful for improving soybean seed quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T13:26:54Z","timestamp":1469539614000},"page":"584-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Functional conservation and divergence of <i>Gm<scp>CHLI<\/scp><\/i> genes in polyploid soybean"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongbiao","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yucheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jixiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University Baoding 071000 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhixi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2005.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.83.2148.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.114.015255","article-title":"Identical substitutions in magnesium chelatase paralogs result in chlorophyll\u2010deficient soybean mutants","volume":"5","author":"Campbell B.W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"G3\u2010Genes Genomes. 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