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The Arabidopsis genome has two <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>) and three <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content>3<\/jats:italic>) homologs. Despite growing evidence of the biological roles of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>s and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>s, little is understood about their function in Arabidopsis growth and development under normal conditions. Here, we report that the deletion of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>, but not of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic>, in the <jats:italic>crt1\u00a0crt2\u00a0crt3<\/jats:italic> triple mutation background had an adverse effect on pollen viability and pollen tube growth, leading to a significant reduction in fertility. The <jats:italic>cnx1\u00a0crt1\u00a0crt2\u00a0crt3<\/jats:italic> quadruple mutation also conferred severe defects in growth and development, including a shortened primary root, increased root hair length and density, and reduced plant height. Disruption of all five members of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content> family was revealed to be lethal. Finally, the abnormal phenotype of the <jats:italic>cnx1\u00a0crt1\u00a0crt2\u00a0crt3<\/jats:italic> quadruple mutants was completely rescued by either the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content>2 <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cDNA<\/jats:styled-content> under the control of the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> promoter, suggesting functional redundancy between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content>2. Taken together, these results provide genetic evidence that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNX<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content> play essential and overlapping roles during vegetative growth and male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,26]],"date-time":"2016-11-26T09:08:56Z","timestamp":1480151336000},"page":"972-983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Systematic deletion of the <scp>ER<\/scp> lectin chaperone genes reveals their roles in vegetative growth and male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Kien Van","family":"Vu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Bioenergy Research Institute Chonnam National University Gwangju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Trinh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Bioenergy Research Institute Chonnam National University Gwangju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Young","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Crop Science Bioenergy Crop Research Center Muan Jeonnam Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hojoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk\u2010Whan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Bioenergy Research Institute Chonnam National University Gwangju 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