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As a plant gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) can trigger various defense responses and help reduce accumulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HM<\/jats:styled-content>s in plants; however, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S signaling. Here, we provide evidence to answer the long\u2010standing question about how H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S production is elevated in the defense of plants against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HM<\/jats:styled-content> stress. During the response of Arabidopsis to chromium (Cr<jats:sup>6+<\/jats:sup>) stress, the transcription of L\u2010cysteine desulfhydrase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCD<\/jats:styled-content>), the key enzyme for H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S production, was enhanced through a calcium (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>)\/calmodulin2 (CaM2)\u2010mediated pathway. Biochemistry and molecular biology studies demonstrated that Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\/CaM2 physically interacts with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">bZIP<\/jats:styled-content> transcription factor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGA<\/jats:styled-content>3, a member of the \u2018<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGACG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2019\u2010binding factor family, to enhance binding of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGA<\/jats:styled-content>3 to the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCD<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> promoter and increase <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCD<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> transcription, which then promotes the generation of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S. Consistent with the roles of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGA<\/jats:styled-content>3 and CaM2 in activating <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCD<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression, both <jats:italic>cam2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>tga3<\/jats:italic> loss\u2010of\u2010function mutants have reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCD<\/jats:styled-content> abundance and exhibit increased sensitivity to Cr<jats:sup>6+<\/jats:sup> stress. Accordingly, this study proposes a regulatory pathway for endogenous H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S generation, indicating that plants respond to Cr<jats:sup>6+<\/jats:sup> stress by adjusting the binding affinity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGA<\/jats:styled-content>3 to the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCD<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> promoter, which increases <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCD<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression and promotes H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S production. This suggests that manipulation of the endogenous H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S level through genetic engineering could improve the tolerance of grains to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HM<\/jats:styled-content> stress and increase agricultural production on soil contaminated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HM<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T07:42:41Z","timestamp":1499067761000},"page":"1038-1050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["The Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>\/calmodulin2\u2010binding transcription factor <scp>TGA<\/scp>3 elevates <i><scp>LCD<\/scp><\/i> expression and H<sub>2<\/sub>S production to bolster Cr<sup>6+<\/sup> tolerance in Arabidopsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Huihui","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuping","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jixian","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxi","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.147975"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide enhances salt tolerance through nitric oxide\u2010mediated maintenance of ion homeostasis in barley seedling roots","volume":"5","author":"Chen J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. 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