{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:37:18Z","timestamp":1767847038644,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,14]],"date-time":"2018-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004477","name":"Universiteit Stellenbosch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS\u20100922650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS\u20100922650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004477","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reduced nitrogen is indispensable to plants. However, its limited availability in soil combined with the energetic and environmental impacts of nitrogen fertilizers motivates research into molecular mechanisms toward improving plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). We performed a systems\u2010level investigation of this problem by employing multiple \u2018omics methodologies on cell suspensions of hybrid poplar (<jats:italic>Populus tremula<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0<jats:italic>Populus alba<\/jats:italic>). Acclimation and growth of the cell suspensions in four nutrient regimes ranging from abundant to deficient supplies of carbon and nitrogen revealed that cell growth under low\u2010nitrogen levels was associated with substantially higher NUE. To investigate the underlying metabolic and molecular mechanisms, we concurrently performed steady\u2010state <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u00a0metabolic flux analysis with multiple isotope labels and transcriptomic profiling with cDNA microarrays. The <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C flux analysis revealed that the absolute flux through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) was substantially lower (~threefold) under low\u2010nitrogen conditions. Additionally, the flux partitioning ratio between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and anaplerotic pathways varied from 84%:16% under abundant carbon and nitrogen to 55%:45% under deficient carbon and nitrogen. Gene expression data, together with the flux results, suggested a plastidic localization of the oxPPP as well as transcriptional regulation of certain metabolic branchpoints, including those between glycolysis and the oxPPP. The transcriptome data also indicated that NUE\u2010improving mechanisms may involve a redirection of excess carbon to aromatic metabolic pathways and extensive downregulation of potentially redundant genes (in these heterotrophic cells) that encode photosynthetic and light\u2010harvesting proteins, suggesting the recruitment of these proteins as nitrogen sinks in nitrogen\u2010abundant conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T17:41:42Z","timestamp":1511977302000},"page":"472-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Concurrent isotope\u2010assisted metabolic flux analysis and transcriptome profiling reveal responses of poplar cells to altered nitrogen and carbon supply"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Nargund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary D.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Sriram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular 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