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However, the mechanisms underlying resistance remain largely unknown. In the present study, we report that BSR1 is a functional protein kinase that autophosphorylates and transphosphorylates an artificial substrate <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>. Although BSR1 is classified as a serine\/threonine kinase, it was shown to autophosphorylate on tyrosine as well as on serine\/threonine residues when expressed in bacteria, demonstrating that it is a dual\u2010specificity kinase. Protein kinase activity was found to be indispensable for resistance to rice blast and leaf blight in <jats:italic>BSR1<\/jats:italic>\u2010overexpressing plants. Importantly, tyrosine phosphorylation of BSR1 was critical for proper localization of BSR1 in rice cells and played a crucial role in BSR1\u2010mediated resistance to multiple diseases, as evidenced by compromised disease resistance in transgenic plants overexpressing a mutant <jats:italic>BSR1<\/jats:italic> in which Tyr\u201063 was substituted with Ala. Overall, our data indicate that BSR1 is a non\u2010receptor dual\u2010specificity kinase and that both tyrosine and serine\/threonine kinase activities are critical for the normal functioning of BSR1 in the resistance to multiple pathogens. Our results support the notion that tyrosine phosphorylation plays a major regulatory role in the transduction of defense signals from cell\u2010surface receptor complexes to downstream signaling components in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]],"date-time":"2018-09-17T14:08:35Z","timestamp":1537193315000},"page":"1137-1147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Tyrosine phosphorylation of a receptor\u2010like cytoplasmic kinase, BSR1, plays a crucial role in resistance to multiple pathogens in rice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Shoji","family":"Sugano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Function Research Unit Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences Institute of Agrobiological Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Kannondai 2\u20101\u20102 Tsukuba Ibaraki 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