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Currently, little information is known about the cellular and genetic mechanisms of this important phenomenon. Here we show that defects in both cell division and cell expansion underlie the dwarfism of an Arabidopsis lignin mutant <jats:italic>ref8<\/jats:italic>, and report the identification of a <jats:italic>GROWTH INHIBITION RELIEVED 1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>GIR1<\/jats:italic>) gene from a suppressor screen. <jats:italic>GIR1<\/jats:italic> encodes an importin\u2010beta\u2010like protein required for the nuclear import of MYB4, a transcriptional repressor of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Disruption of <jats:italic>GIR1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MYB4<\/jats:italic> similarly alleviates the cellular defects and growth inhibition in <jats:italic>ref8<\/jats:italic>, suggesting that the growth rescue effect of <jats:italic>gir1<\/jats:italic> is likely due to compromised MYB4 transport and function. Importantly, the phenylpropanoid perturbation is not alleviated in <jats:italic>gir1 ref8<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>myb4 ref8<\/jats:italic>, suggesting that the function of MYB4 in growth inhibition of lignin\u2010modified plants is likely to be distinct from its known role in transcriptional regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes. This study also provides evidence that lignin\u2010modification\u2010induced dwarfism is not merely due to compromised water transport brought about by lignin deficiency, as <jats:italic>gir1<\/jats:italic> has no effect on the growth inhibition of other lignin mutants that show the collapsed xylem phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T22:10:54Z","timestamp":1579817454000},"page":"1281-1293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["An importin\u2010beta\u2010like protein mediates lignin\u2010modification\u2010induced dwarfism in Arabidopsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Chinmayee","family":"Panda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA"},{"name":"Plants for Human Health Institute North 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