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Revealing plant mechanisms of non\u2010host resistance (NHR) against <jats:italic>Cochliobolus<\/jats:italic> will help to uncover strategies that can be exploited in engineered cereals. Therefore, we developed a heterogeneous pathosystem and studied the ability of <jats:italic>Cochliobolus<\/jats:italic> to infect dicotyledons. We report here that <jats:italic>C.\u00a0miyabeanus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C.\u00a0heterostrophus<\/jats:italic> infect Arabidopsis accessions and produce functional conidia, thereby demonstrating the ability to accept <jats:italic>Brassica <\/jats:italic>spp. as host plants. Some ecotypes exhibited a high susceptibility, whereas others hindered the necrotrophic disease progression of the <jats:italic>Cochliobolus<\/jats:italic> strains. Natural variation in NHR among the tested Arabidopsis accessions can advance the identification of genetic loci that prime the plant\u2019s defence repertoire. We found that applied phytotoxin\u2010containing conidial fluid extracts of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0miyabeanus<\/jats:italic> caused necrotic lesions on rice leaves but provoked only minor irritations on Arabidopsis<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> This result implies that <jats:italic>C.\u00a0miyabeanus<\/jats:italic> phytotoxins are insufficiently adapted to promote dicot colonization, which corresponds to a retarded infection progression. Previous studies on rice demonstrated that ethylene (ET) promotes <jats:italic>C.\u00a0miyabeanus<\/jats:italic> infection, whereas salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) exert a minor function. However, in Arabidopsis, we revealed that the genetic disruption of the ET and JA signalling pathways compromises basal resistance against <jats:italic>Cochliobolus<\/jats:italic>, whereas SA biosynthesis mutants showed a reduced susceptibility. Our results refer to the synergistic action of ET\/JA and indicate distinct defence systems between Arabidopsis and rice to confine <jats:italic>Cochliobolus<\/jats:italic> propagation. Moreover, this heterogeneous pathosystem may help to reveal mechanisms of NHR and associated defensive genes against <jats:italic>Cochliobolus<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T19:15:55Z","timestamp":1584126955000},"page":"412-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The rice\/maize pathogen <i>Cochliobolus<\/i> spp. infect and reproduce on Arabidopsis revealing differences in defensive phytohormone function between monocots and dicots"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5385-0100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronny","family":"V\u00f6lz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Immunity Research Center Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju\u2010Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Korea"},{"name":"R&amp;D Institute YUHAN Inc. 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