{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:25:48Z","timestamp":1790717148454,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16H07452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H07452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K14469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K14469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012330","name":"Okayama University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006264","name":"RIKEN","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Rhizoctonia solani<\/jats:italic> is a soil\u2010borne necrotrophic fungus that causes sheath blight in grasses. The basal resistance of compatible interactions between <jats:italic>R. solani<\/jats:italic> and rice is known to be modulated by some WRKY transcription factors (TFs). However, genes and defense responses involved in incompatible interaction with <jats:italic>R. solani<\/jats:italic> remain unexplored, because no such interactions are known in any host plants. Recently, we demonstrated that Bd3\u20101, an accession of the model grass <jats:italic>Brachypodium distachyon<\/jats:italic>, is resistant to <jats:italic>R. solani<\/jats:italic> and, upon inoculation with the fungus, undergoes rapid induction of genes responsive to the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) that encode the WRKY TFs BdWRKY38 and BdWRKY44. Here, we show that endogenous SA and these WRKY TFs positively regulate this accession\u2010specific <jats:italic>R. solani<\/jats:italic> resistance. In contrast to a susceptible accession (Bd21), the infection process in the resistant accessions Bd3\u20101 and Tek\u20103 was suppressed at early stages before the development of fungal biomass and infection machinery. A comparative transcriptome analysis during pathogen infection revealed that putative WRKY\u2010dependent defense genes were induced faster in the resistant accessions than in Bd21. A gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis based on the transcriptome dataset demonstrated that <jats:italic>BdWRKY38<\/jats:italic> was a GRN hub connected to many target genes specifically in resistant accessions, whereas <jats:italic>BdWRKY44<\/jats:italic> was shared in the GRNs of all three accessions. Moreover, overexpression of <jats:italic>BdWRKY38<\/jats:italic> increased <jats:italic>R. solani<\/jats:italic> resistance in Bd21. Our findings demonstrate that these resistant accessions can activate an incompatible host response to <jats:italic>R. solani<\/jats:italic>, and BdWRKY38 regulates this response by mediating SA signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T21:50:10Z","timestamp":1599342610000},"page":"995-1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["BdWRKY38 is required for the incompatible interaction of <i>Brachypodium distachyon<\/i> with the necrotrophic fungus <i>Rhizoctonia solani<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4481-6189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kouzai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1\u20107\u201022 Suehiro\u2010cho Tsurumi, Yokohama 230\u20100045 Japan"},{"name":"Kihara Institute for Biological Research Yokohama City University 641\u201012 Maioka\u2010cho Totsuka, Yokohama 244\u20100813 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minami","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1\u20107\u201022 Suehiro\u2010cho Tsurumi, Yokohama 230\u20100045 Japan"},{"name":"Kihara Institute for Biological Research Yokohama City University 641\u201012 Maioka\u2010cho Totsuka, Yokohama 244\u20100813 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komaki","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1\u20107\u201022 Suehiro\u2010cho Tsurumi, Yokohama 230\u20100045 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Uehara\u2010Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1\u20107\u201022 Suehiro\u2010cho Tsurumi, Yokohama 230\u20100045 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Takahagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1\u20107\u201022 Suehiro\u2010cho Tsurumi, Yokohama 230\u20100045 Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Nanobioscience Yokohama City University 22\u20102 Seto, Kanazawa\u2010ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236\u20100027 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1\u20107\u201022 Suehiro\u2010cho Tsurumi, Yokohama 230\u20100045 Japan"},{"name":"Kihara Institute for Biological Research Yokohama City University 641\u201012 Maioka\u2010cho Totsuka, Yokohama 244\u20100813 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takakazu","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR) Okayama University 2\u201020\u20101 Chuo Kurashiki 710\u20100046 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2235-0779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izumi C.","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR) Okayama University 2\u201020\u20101 Chuo Kurashiki 710\u20100046 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3868-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR) Okayama University 2\u201020\u20101 Chuo Kurashiki 710\u20100046 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobhy S. 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