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Here, plants transferred to Fe\u2010deficient medium at the reproductive stage had reduced floral Fe content and viable pollen and showed a defective pollen outer wall, all restored by supplying floral buds with Fe. A comparison of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Fe\u2010deficient leaves, roots, and anthers suggested that changes in several cellular processes were unique to anthers, including increased lipid degradation. Co\u2010expression analysis revealed that <jats:italic>ABORTED MICROSPORES<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>AMS<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>DEFECTIVE IN TAPETAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>BASIC HELIX\u2010LOOP\u2010HELIX 089<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>091<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>010<\/jats:italic> encode key upstream transcription factors of Fe deficiency\u2010responsive DEGs involved in tapetum function and development, including tapetal ROS homeostasis, programmed cell death, and pollen outer wall formation\u2010related lipid metabolism. Analysis of RESPIRATORY\u2010BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG E (RBOHE) gain\u2010 and loss\u2010of\u2010function under Fe deficiency indicated that RBOHE\u2010 and Fe\u2010dependent regulation cooperatively control anther reactive oxygen species levels and pollen development. Since DEGs in Fe\u2010deficient anthers were not significantly enriched in genes related to mitochondrial function, the changes in mitochondrial status under Fe deficiency, including respiration activity, density, and morphology, were probably because the Fe amount was insufficient to maintain proper mitochondrial protein function in anthers. To sum up, Fe deficiency in anthers may affect Fe\u2010dependent protein function and impact upstream transcription factors and their downstream genes, resulting in extensively impaired tapetum function and pollen development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T16:10:18Z","timestamp":1627315818000},"page":"244-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Iron insufficiency in floral buds impairs pollen development by disrupting tapetum function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Tzu\u2010Hsiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan"},{"name":"Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Chung\u2010Hsing University Taipei 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