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Membrane trafficking processes, such as secretion, endocytosis and recycling, regulate the polar localization of auxin transporters in order to establish an auxin concentration gradient. Here, we investigate the function of the\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    R\u2010SNAREs VESICLE\u2010ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN\u2009721 (VAMP721) and VAMP722 in the post\u2010Golgi trafficking required for proper auxin distribution and seedling growth. We show that multiple growth phenotypes, such as cotyledon development, vein patterning and lateral root growth, were defective in the double homozygous\n                    <jats:italic>vamp721\u2009vamp72<\/jats:italic>\n                    2 mutant. Abnormal auxin distribution and root patterning were also observed in the mutant seedlings. Fluorescence imaging revealed that three auxin transporters, PIN\u2010FORMED\u20091 (PIN1), PIN2 and AUXIN RESISTANT\u20091 (AUX1), aberrantly accumulate within the cytoplasm of the double mutant, impairing the polar localization at the plasma membrane (PM). Analysis of intracellular trafficking demonstrated the involvement of VAMP721 and VAMP722 in the endocytosis of FM4\u201064 and the secretion and recycling of the PIN2 transporter protein to the PM, but not its trafficking to the vacuole. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>vamp721\u2009vamp722<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant roots display enlarged\n                    <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010Golgi network (TGN) structures, as indicated by the subcellular localization of a variety of marker proteins and the ultrastructure observed using transmission electron microscopy. Thus, our results suggest that the R\u2010SNAREs VAMP721 and VAMP722 mediate the post\u2010Golgi trafficking of auxin transporters to the PM from the TGN subdomains, substantially contributing to plant growth.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T12:45:39Z","timestamp":1627994739000},"page":"426-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["SNARE proteins VAMP721 and VAMP722 mediate the post\u2010Golgi trafficking required for auxin\u2010mediated development in Arabidopsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 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