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Consequently, wood of plants engineered for low lignin content is typically more amenable to processing. However, lignin\u2010modified plants often exhibit collapsed vessels and associated growth defects. Vessel\u2010specific reintroduction of lignin biosynthesis in dwarfed low\u2010lignin <jats:italic>cinnamoyl\u2010CoA reductase1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>ccr1<\/jats:italic>) Arabidopsis mutants using the <jats:italic>ProSNBE:AtCCR1<\/jats:italic> construct overcame the yield penalty while maintaining high saccharification yields, and showed that monolignols can be transported between the different xylem cells acting as \u2018good neighbors\u2019 in Arabidopsis. Here, we translated this research into the bio\u2010energy crop poplar. By expressing <jats:italic>ProSNBE:AtCCR1<\/jats:italic> into CRISPR\/Cas9\u2010generated <jats:italic>ccr2<\/jats:italic> poplars, we aimed for vessel\u2010specific lignin biosynthesis to: (i) achieve growth restoration while maintaining high saccharification yields; and (ii) study the existence of \u2018good neighbors\u2019 in poplar wood. Analyzing the resulting <jats:italic>ccr2 ProSNBE:AtCCR1<\/jats:italic> poplars showed that vessels and rays act as good neighbors for lignification in poplar. If sufficient monolignols are produced by these cells, monolignols migrate over multiple cell layers, resulting in a restoration of the lignin amount to wild\u2010type levels. If the supply of monolignols is limited, the monolignols are incorporated into the cell walls of the vessels and rays producing them and their adjoining cells resulting in fiber hypolignification. One such fiber\u2010hypolignified line had 18% less lignin and, despite its small yield penalty, had an increase of up to 71% in sugar release on a plant base upon saccharification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T17:50:55Z","timestamp":1629222655000},"page":"752-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Vessel\u2010 and ray\u2010specific monolignol biosynthesis as an approach to engineer fiber\u2010hypolignification and enhanced saccharification in poplar"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2485-330X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"De Meester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Technologiepark 71 Ghent 9052 Belgium"},{"name":"VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Technologiepark 71 Ghent 9052 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5848-3138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Vanholme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Technologiepark 71 Ghent 9052 Belgium"},{"name":"VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Technologiepark 71 Ghent 9052 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3245-9081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisanne","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Technologiepark 71 Ghent 9052 Belgium"},{"name":"VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Technologiepark 71 Ghent 9052 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2254-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlies","family":"Wouters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Technologiepark 71 Ghent 9052 Belgium"},{"name":"VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Technologiepark 71 Ghent 9052 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Van Doorsselaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Institute for Nursing and Biotechnology VIVES University College Wilgenstraat 32 Roeselare 8800 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1495-510X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wout","family":"Boerjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Technologiepark 71 Ghent 9052 Belgium"},{"name":"VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Technologiepark 71 Ghent 9052 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2012.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.01462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18822-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74065-7_3","volume-title":"Lignin determination. 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