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Apple roots respond to Fe deficiency stress by promoting H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    secretion, which acidifies the soil. In this study, the plasma membrane (PM) H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase MxHA2 promoted H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    secretion and root acidification of apple rootstocks under Fe deficiency stress. H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase MxHA2 is upregulated in Fe\u2010efficient apple rootstock of\n                    <jats:italic>Malus xiaojinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    at the transcription level\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Fe deficiency also induced kinase MxMPK6\u20102, a positive regulator in Fe absorption that can interact with MxHA2. However, the mechanism involving these two factors under Fe deficiency stress is unclear.\n                    <jats:italic>MxMPK6\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpression in apple roots positively regulated PM H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase activity, thus enhancing root acidification under Fe deficiency stress. Moreover, co\u2010expression of\n                    <jats:italic>MxMPK6\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>MxHA2<\/jats:italic>\n                    in apple rootstocks further enhanced PM H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase activity under Fe deficiency. MxMPK6\u20102 phosphorylated MxHA2 at the Ser909 site of C terminus, Thr320 and Thr412 sites of the Central loop region. Phosphorylation at the Ser909 and Thr320 promoted PM H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase activity, while phosphorylation at Thr412 inhibited PM H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase activity. MxMPK6\u20102 also phosphorylated the Fe deficiency\u2010induced transcription factor MxbHLH104 at the Ser169 site, which then could bind to the promoter of\n                    <jats:italic>MxHA2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , thus enhancing\n                    <jats:italic>MxHA2<\/jats:italic>\n                    upregulation. In conclusion, the MAP kinase MxMPK6\u20102\u2010mediated phosphorylation directly and indirectly regulates PM H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase MxHA2 activity at the protein post\u2010translation and transcription levels, thus synergistically enhancing root acidification under Fe deficiency stress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T04:19:03Z","timestamp":1687321143000},"page":"69-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["<scp>MxMPK6<\/scp>\n                    \u20102\u2010mediated phosphorylation enhances the response\u00a0of apple rootstocks to Fe deficiency by activating\n                    <scp>PM<\/scp>\n                    H\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>ATPase MxHA2<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Qiran","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture China Agricultural University  Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs  Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danrui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture China Agricultural University  Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs  Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of 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