{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:26:44Z","timestamp":1791898004684,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\u201067013\u201023221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\u201067013\u201023221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), caused by <jats:italic>Parastagonospora nodorum,<\/jats:italic> is a disease of durum and common wheat initiated by the recognition of pathogen\u2010produced necrotrophic effectors (NEs) by specific wheat genes. The wheat gene <jats:italic>Snn1<\/jats:italic> was previously cloned, and it encodes a wall\u2010associated kinase that directly interacts with the NE SnTox1 leading to programmed cell death and ultimately the development of SNB. Here, sequence analysis of <jats:italic>Snn1<\/jats:italic> from 114 accessions including diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat species revealed that some wheat lines possess two copies of <jats:italic>Snn1<\/jats:italic> (designated <jats:italic>Snn1\u2010B1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Snn1\u2010B2<\/jats:italic>) approximately 120\u2009kb apart. <jats:italic>Snn1\u2010B2<\/jats:italic> evolved relatively recently as a paralog of <jats:italic>Snn1\u2010B1<\/jats:italic>, and both genes have undergone diversifying selection. Three point mutations associated with the formation of the first SnTox1\u2010sensitive <jats:italic>Snn1\u2010B1<\/jats:italic> allele from a primitive wild wheat were identified. Four subsequent and independent SNPs, three in <jats:italic>Snn1\u2010B1<\/jats:italic> and one in <jats:italic>Snn1\u2010B2<\/jats:italic>, converted the sensitive alleles to insensitive forms. Protein modeling indicated these four mutations could abolish <jats:italic>Snn1<\/jats:italic>\u2013SnTox1 compatibility either through destabilization of the Snn1 protein or direct disruption of the protein\u2013protein interaction. A high\u2010throughput marker was developed for the absent allele of <jats:italic>Snn1<\/jats:italic>, and it was 100% accurate at predicting SnTox1\u2010insensitive lines in both durum and spring wheat. Results of this study increase our understanding of the evolution, diversity, and function of <jats:italic>Snn1\u2010B1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Snn1\u2010B2<\/jats:italic> genes and will be useful for marker\u2010assisted elimination of these genes for better host resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T04:35:18Z","timestamp":1719203718000},"page":"1720-1736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evolution, diversity, and function of the disease susceptibility gene <i>Snn1<\/i> in wheat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9747-2618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudeshi","family":"Seneviratne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota 58102 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6274-7925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gongjun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota 58102 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3392-6646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes","family":"Szabo\u2010Hever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit Edward T. 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D.","family":"Running","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota 58102 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2637-7282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gurminder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University  Fargo North Dakota 58102 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1129-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raja Sekhar","family":"Nandety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center  Fargo North Dakota 58102 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7736-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason D.","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit Edward T. 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