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Plant CK2 plays critical roles in multiple physiological processes; however, its function in plant immunity remains obscure. In this study, we demonstrated that the unique chloroplast\u2010localized CK2 \u03b1 subunit (CPCK2) is a negative regulator of <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic> innate immunity. <jats:italic>cpck2<\/jats:italic> mutants displayed enhanced resistance against the fungal pathogen powdery mildew, <jats:italic>Golovinomyces cichoracearum<\/jats:italic> and the virulent bacterial pathogen, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic> pv. <jats:italic>tomato<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pto<\/jats:italic>) DC3000. Moreover, the <jats:italic>cpck2\u20101<\/jats:italic> mutant accumulated higher salicylic acid (SA) levels and mutations that disabled SA biosynthesis or signaling inhibited <jats:italic>cpck2\u20101<\/jats:italic>\u2010mediated disease resistance. CPCK2 interacted with the chloroplast\u2010localized carbonic anhydrase (CA), SA\u2010binding protein 3 (SABP3), which was required for <jats:italic>cpck2<\/jats:italic>\u2010mediated immunity. Significantly, CPCK2 phosphorylated SABP3, which promoted S\u2010nitrosylation of this enzyme. It has previously been established that S\u2010nitrosylation of SABP3 reduces both its SA binding function and its CA activity, which compromises the immune\u2010related function of SABP3. Taken together, our results establish CPCK2 as a negative regulator of SA accumulation and associated immunity. Importantly, our findings unveil a mechanism by which CPCK2 negatively regulates plant immunity by promoting S\u2010nitrosylation of SABP3 through phosphorylation, which provides the first example in plants of S\u2010nitrosylation being promoted by cognate phosphorylation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.17000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T10:19:59Z","timestamp":1724753999000},"page":"552-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The chloroplast\u2010localized casein kinase <scp>II<\/scp> \u03b1 subunit, CPCK2, negatively regulates plant innate immunity through promoting S\u2010nitrosylation of SABP3"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Rui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio\u2010Resources in Yunnan Yunnan Agricultural University  Kunming 650201 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