{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:29:08Z","timestamp":1791440948145,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007854","name":"Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HCP0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HCP0007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007854","name":"Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MLP0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MLP0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Citral, a naturally occurring acyclic monoterpene aldehyde, is present in the essential oils of various plants, but only a few produce it in abundance. Despite its importance as a key aroma molecule, knowledge regarding the\n                    <jats:italic>in\u2010planta<\/jats:italic>\n                    biosynthesis of citral and its metabolic origin remains limited. Here, we have elucidated the functions of an alcohol dehydrogenase (CfADH1) and an aldoketo\u2010reductase (CfAKR2b) in citral biosynthesis in lemongrass (\n                    <jats:italic>Cymbopogon flexuosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), one of the most cultivated aromatic crops for its citral\u2010rich essential oil. Expression of both\n                    <jats:italic>CfADH1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>CfAKR2b<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed correlation with citral accumulation in different developmental stages. Recombinant CfADH1 and CfAKR2b, despite their sequence unrelatedness, catalyzed citral formation from geraniol with NADP cofactor. Virus\u2010induced gene silencing in lemongrass and transient expression in lemon balm (\n                    <jats:italic>Melissa officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) demonstrated the\n                    <jats:italic>in\u2010planta<\/jats:italic>\n                    involvement of\n                    <jats:italic>CfADH1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>CfAKR2b<\/jats:italic>\n                    in citral biosynthesis. While CfADH1 exhibited a dual cytosolic\/plastidial localization, CfAKR2b was localized to the cytosol. This was supported by higher citral\u2010forming activity in the cytosolic fraction than in the chloroplast fraction of lemongrass leaf extract. Moreover, feeding lemongrass seedlings with inhibitors specific to the cytosolic mevalonate pathway and the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathway, combined with volatile profiling, supported the involvement of both pathways in citral formation. Taken together, our results indicate that high citral production has evolved in lemongrass through the recruitment of phylogenetically distant enzymes localized in both the cytosol and plastids.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.17086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T14:13:44Z","timestamp":1729520024000},"page":"1901-1919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Phylogenetically distant enzymes localized in cytosol and plastids drive citral biosynthesis in lemongrass"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab CSIR\u2010Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre  Bengaluru 560065 India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)  Ghaziabad 201002 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab CSIR\u2010Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre  Bengaluru 560065 India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)  Ghaziabad 201002 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. R.","family":"Kiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab CSIR\u2010Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre  Bengaluru 560065 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. K.","family":"Pranav Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab CSIR\u2010Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre  Bengaluru 560065 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Division CSIR\u2010Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants  Lucknow 226015 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9418-8918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh A.","family":"Nagegowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab CSIR\u2010Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre  Bengaluru 560065 India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)  Ghaziabad 201002 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