{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:54:50Z","timestamp":1789736090862,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32260083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Licorice is one of the most extensively studied medicinal plants in the world, whose roots and rhizomes have long been used as both a sweetener and an essential component in numerous herbal preparations. However, the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    has a complex composition, and the interspecies chromosomal relationships, origin, and evolution are still largely unclear. Here, we develop a set of whole\u2010chromosome painting probes that allowed identification of all eight chromosomes of licorice on same metaphase chromosomes. Comparative chromosome painting analyses in seven different\n                    <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    species revealed that the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    maintained extraordinarily conserved chromosomal synteny after about 3\u201312\u2009million years of divergence. No cytologically visible inter\u2010chromosomal rearrangements were identified in any species. By comparative chromosomal karyotype analyses, we revealed interspecific chromosome evolutionary relationships and dramatic variable chromosomal karyotype after independent divergence and demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>G. prostrate<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most closely related to the ancestral type among the seven\n                    <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. Furthermore, we also discovered a\n                    <jats:italic>G. glandulosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    seed with distinct triploid\u2010genome for the first time in China, suggesting the existence of a polyploid evolutionary pathway in the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which challenges the previous notion that only diploids of licorice existed in nature. This study expands our knowledge of the chromosome evolution of licorice and will lay an important foundation for the genome origin and evolution studies in the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.17102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T13:20:11Z","timestamp":1729862411000},"page":"2089-2100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Whole\u2010chromosome oligo\u2010painting in licorice unveils interspecific chromosomal evolutionary relationships and possible origin of triploid genome species"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4379-2215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuang","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain\u2010basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences Shihezi University  Shihezi 832003 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain\u2010basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences Shihezi University  Shihezi 832003 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shandang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain\u2010basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences Shihezi University  Shihezi 832003 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain\u2010basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences Shihezi University  Shihezi 832003 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain\u2010basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences Shihezi University  Shihezi 832003 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanliang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain\u2010basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences Shihezi University  Shihezi 832003 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xifeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain\u2010basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences Shihezi University  Shihezi 832003 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain\u2010basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences Shihezi University  Shihezi 832003 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2717-8012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanghui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Shanxi Normal University  Xi'an 710062 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain\u2010basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences Shihezi University  Shihezi 832003 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1813957116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Ashurmetov A.A.(1991)Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh CSR Institute of 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