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Among these nine IMPAs, IMPA1, IMPA2, and IMPA4 cluster together phylogenetically, suggesting potential functional redundancy. To explore this redundancy, we analyzed single and multiple T\u2010DNA mutants for these genes and discovered severe growth defects in the\n                    <jats:italic>impa1 impa2 impa4<\/jats:italic>\n                    triple knockout mutant but not in the single or double mutants. Complementation with IMPA1, IMPA2, or IMPA4 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) rescued the growth defects observed in the\n                    <jats:italic>impa1 impa2 impa4<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant, indicating the functional redundancy of these three IMPAs. The IMPA\u2010GFP fusion proteins were localized in the nucleus and nuclear envelope, suggesting their involvement in nucleocytoplasmic transport processes. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that salicylic acid (SA)\u2010responsive genes were significantly upregulated in the\n                    <jats:italic>impa1 impa2 impa4<\/jats:italic>\n                    triple mutant. Consistent with this observation,\n                    <jats:italic>impa1 impa2 impa4<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant plants accumulated SA and reactive oxygen species to high levels compared with wild\u2010type plants. We also found enhanced resistance to the anthracnose pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Colletotrichum higginsianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the\n                    <jats:italic>impa1 impa2 impa4<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, suggesting that defense responses were constitutively activated in the\n                    <jats:italic>impa1 impa2 impa4<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant. Our findings shed light on the redundant roles of IMPA1, IMPA2, and IMPA4 in suppressing the autoimmune responses and suggest avenues of research to clarify their potentially unique roles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.17203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T23:06:36Z","timestamp":1733871996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The importin \u03b1 proteins\n                    <scp>IMPA1<\/scp>\n                    ,\n                    <scp>IMPA2<\/scp>\n                    , and\n                    <scp>IMPA4<\/scp>\n                    play redundant roles in suppressing autoimmunity in\n                    <i>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Airi","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Shizuoka  Shizuoka 422\u20108526 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shitomi","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Shizuoka  Shizuoka 422\u20108526 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Shizuoka  Shizuoka 422\u20108526 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamasa","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chubu University  1200 Matsumoto\u2010cho Kasugai Aichi 487\u20108501 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