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In the current work, exogenous H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S fumigation could alleviate tomato fruit ripening and an ethylene response factor SlERF.D2 was found to be persulfidated at Cys35 by mass spectrometry analysis. Meanwhile, ethylene biosynthesis related genes\n                    <jats:italic>SlACS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SlACO3<\/jats:italic>\n                    were significantly downregulated at gene expression level in H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S\u2010treated fruit. By CRISPR\/Cas9 and gene overexpression, we showed that overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>SlERF.D2<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoted fruit ripening by accelerating chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid accumulation and upregulating the expression of ripening related genes\n                    <jats:italic>SlPAO<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SlPPH<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SlSGR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SlACS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SlACS2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SlACS4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SlEIN2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SlACO1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>SlACO3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while the mutation of\n                    <jats:italic>slerf.d2<\/jats:italic>\n                    delayed fruit ripening. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>slerf.d2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant showed delayed ethylene production during tomato fruit ripening. Moreover, SlERF.D2 was found to interact with the kinase SlMAPK4 and was phosphorylated at Ser42 by yeast two\u2010hybrid screening, pull down and LC\u2013MS\/MS. By cis\u2010element analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual\u2010luciferase assay, SlERF.D2 could activate the transcription of the ethylene pathway\u2010associated gene\n                    <jats:italic>SlACO3<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SlEIN2<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Besides, we provided evidence that SlERF.D2 persulfidation weakened the transcriptional activity of SlERF.D2 on the target gene\n                    <jats:italic>SlACO3<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SlEIN2<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In contrast, SlMAPK4\u2010mediated phosphorylation enhanced SlERF.D2's transcriptional activation activity on\n                    <jats:italic>SlACO3<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SlEIN2<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Therefore, the present research provides insights into the mechanism of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S in antagonizing the biosynthesis and signaling transduction of ethylene and reveals the importance of SlERF.D2 persulfidation and phosphorylation in dynamically regulating tomato fruit ripening.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T23:29:56Z","timestamp":1739834996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hydrogen sulfide interferes with ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway in tomato by the mediation of\n                    <scp>SlERF<\/scp>\n                    .\n                    <scp>D2<\/scp>\n                    persulfidation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei 230009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei 230009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meihui","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei 230009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikun","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology  Hefei 230009 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