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This study aims to investigate how reducing leaf width (\n                    <jats:italic>LW<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) influences photosynthetic rate (\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and water\u2010use efficiency (\n                    <jats:italic>iWUE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in rice. Pot experiments were performed using 14 cultivated rice genotypes exhibiting considerable\n                    <jats:italic>LW<\/jats:italic>\n                    variations and genetically modified rice lines carrying the\n                    <jats:italic>NARROW LEAF 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>NAL1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene. We observed a significant negative correlation between\n                    <jats:italic>LW<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    among the 14 cultivated rice varieties. Simultaneously, a 48.2% reduction in the\n                    <jats:italic>LW<\/jats:italic>\n                    of\n                    <jats:italic>NAL1\u2010K<\/jats:italic>\n                    was accompanied by a 49.9% significant increase in\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Narrower leaves increased leaf hydraulic conductance and stomatal density, thereby synergistically augmenting stomatal conductance (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Furthermore, increased stomatal density enhances mesophyll conductance (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) by facilitating airspace formation and less resistance to CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    transfer. Reduced\n                    <jats:italic>LW<\/jats:italic>\n                    also increased leaf nitrogen content and enhanced the maximum carboxylation rate of RuBisCO (\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>cmax<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Although reduced\n                    <jats:italic>LW<\/jats:italic>\n                    synergistically increased\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>cmax<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and ultimately\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    , it did not concurrently achieve a coordinated improvement in\n                    <jats:italic>iWUE<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological mechanisms underlying photosynthetic efficiency in rice, suggesting that optimizing\n                    <jats:italic>LW<\/jats:italic>\n                    may be a potential strategy for enhancing\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    without necessarily improving\n                    <jats:italic>iWUE<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T18:04:27Z","timestamp":1762106667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reduced leaf width increases photosynthetic rate without improving water\u2010use efficiency in rice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2384-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiangqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural College Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei 230036 China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production  Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzheng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural College Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei 230036 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural College Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei 230036 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural College Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei 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