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This raises an intriguing question: why do genetically identical cells exhibit such dramatic phenotypic differences? The phenomenon highlights the probabilistic fates of chloroplasts in\n                    <jats:italic>var2<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Previous studies proposed that patchy expression of\n                    <jats:italic>FtsH8<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014a functionally redundant gene of\n                    <jats:italic>FtsH2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014explains this variegation. Here, we employed single\u2010cell RNA sequencing (scRNA\u2010seq) to investigate leaf variegation for the first time. We demonstrated the patchy expression of\n                    <jats:italic>FtsH8<\/jats:italic>\n                    at the single\u2010cell level, which supports the threshold model. Our pseudotime analysis suggests that white sector formation in developing\n                    <jats:italic>var2<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves enables cells to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) via suppression of photosynthetic genes. Supporting this, treatment with a ROS scavenger markedly reduced the proportion of white sectors. Furthermore, we showed that suppression of photosynthetic genes in\n                    <jats:italic>var2<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a trade\u2010off that ensures proper progression of the cell cycle. Taken together, our study offers new insights into the mechanisms underlying leaf variegation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T20:43:49Z","timestamp":1768941829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring leaf variegation in\n                    <i>Arabidopsis yellow variegated2<\/i>\n                    by single\u2010cell\n                    <scp>RNA<\/scp>\n                    sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing 100700 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Southern University of Science and Technology  Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)  Shenzhen 518020 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunjin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing 100700 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Southern University of Science and Technology  Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing 100700 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai\u2010Ning","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing 100700 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Southern University of Science and Technology  Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing 100700 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaran","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing 100700 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaoli","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing 100700 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0575-0105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jigang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing 100700 China"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)  Shenzhen 518020 China"},{"name":"Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Suzhou 215105 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4558-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengchao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao\u2010di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing 100700 China"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)  Shenzhen 518020 China"},{"name":"Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Suzhou 215105 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erj008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105878200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2013.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Carlson M.(2019)org.at.tair.db: genome wide annotation for Arabidopsis. 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