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Conventional biochemical and genetic evaluation studies to identify potential disease resistance strategies have been mainly hindered due to the inability to culture\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    Las in a defined medium and the general recalcitrance of\n                    <jats:italic>Citrus<\/jats:italic>\n                    cultivars (grapefruits and oranges) to\n                    <jats:italic>Agrobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010mediated plant transformation. We previously demonstrated the utility of plant hairy roots to co\u2010cultivate\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    Las. In this study, we developed a hairy root transformation system using citron (\n                    <jats:italic>Citrus medica<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.), which is highly amenable to\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010mediated hairy root transformation. The explant survival and hairy root transformation efficiencies were up to 100% and 73%, respectively, and transgenic roots can be attained in as little as 30\u201360\u2009days. We demonstrate the utility of this citron\u2010based hairy root transformation for rapid CRISPR\/Cas9\u2010mediated gene editing, transgene evaluation, and antimicrobial efficacy testing. The citron\u2010based hairy root transformation system will significantly help the research community to speed\u2010track the assessment of potential HLB disease resistance strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T06:00:41Z","timestamp":1771480841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High\u2010efficiency genome\u2010editing, transgene evaluation, and antimicrobial efficacy testing using\n                    <i>Citrus medica<\/i>\n                    L. hairy roots"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Aditya","family":"Kulshreshtha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research and Extension Center  Weslaco TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2186-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manikandan","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research and Extension Center  Weslaco TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Irigoyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research and Extension Center  Weslaco TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen S.","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research and Extension Center  Weslaco TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Kuan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research and Extension Center  Weslaco TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&amp;M University  College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinnie","family":"Laughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research and Extension Center  Weslaco TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Borneman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Plant Pathology University of California  Riverside CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kranthi K.","family":"Mandadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research and Extension Center  Weslaco TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&amp;M University  College Station TX USA"},{"name":"Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture Texas A&amp;M AgriLife  College Station TX 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