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We combined gas exchange, cellular anatomy, and transcriptomic profiling to explore how K deficiency limits CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    assimilation (\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in tomato (\n                    <jats:italic>Solanum lycopersicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Contrasting our expectations, the decline of\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                    and mesophyll conductance (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) under K deficiency in tomato was not attributed to alternation of leaf and cellular anatomy but was linked to downregulation of carbonic anhydrases and plasma\u2010membrane aquaporins that facilitate CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    diffusion. The maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>cmax<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) declined in parallel, coinciding with the repression of Rubisco small\u2010subunit genes and Rubisco activase. Under fluctuating light, K deficiency significantly slowed stomatal opening and accelerated stomatal closure, increasing potential loss of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    fixation after transition from low to high light. Transcript data implicated K\u2010transport, anion\u2010channel, and sugar\u2010transporter genes as the molecular brakes. Therefore, leaf K content influences photosynthesis by regulating diffusional and biochemical capacities. These findings highlight the importance of K in photosynthesis under both stable and variable light environments, offering new targets for improving crop photosynthetic resilience.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T07:34:04Z","timestamp":1773041644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potassium mediates photosynthetic efficiency in tomato through genetic regulation rather than anatomical variation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Yi\u2010Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Stability and Global Change, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences  Mengla Yunnan China"},{"name":"Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences  Kunming 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