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Here we generated phased chromosome\u2010level genome assemblies for male and female\n                    <jats:italic>M.\u2009kwangsiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    individuals (~2.4\u20132.5 Gb of 19 chromosomes) and uncovered a nascent XY sex chromosome system. The sex\u2010determining region (SDR) is located on chromosome 4 and spans ~10.4\u2009Mb on the X chromosome and\u2009~\u200917.3\u2009Mb on the Y chromosome. Comparative of X\u2010 and Y\u2010linked SDR haplotypes revealed recombination suppression accompanied by partial gene loss, of tandem repeat accumulation, and elevated substitution rates within the Y. The presence of two evolutionary strata indicates sequential recombination suppression during the SDR formation, likely initiated by two inversions. Molecular\u2010clock analyses date the SDR to ~7.74 million years ago. Within the SDR, we identified several putative sex\u2010determining genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>TPD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>CRN<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which are potentially associated with male or female sterility, respectively, and fit well with the classic two\u2010gene model of sex determination. Our findings capture an early stage of XY chromosome development in a magnoliid lineage and provide novel insights into the origin and evolution of sex chromosomes in flowering plants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T19:25:08Z","timestamp":1774812308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phased chromosome\u2010level genomes reveal young evolutionary origin of sex determination in\n                    <i>Magnolia kwangsiensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Shuaixi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences  Guangzhou 510650 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China  Guangzhou 510650 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences  Guangzhou 510650 China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China  Guangzhou 510650 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences  Guangzhou 510650 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on 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