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Despite being critical in determining overall growth and productivity, response to acute (short\u2010term intense) heat stress during the early seedling stage remains understudied. Here, by using gradients of heat stress duration and intensity, we identified a critical threshold, beyond which acute heat stress significantly impedes seedling growth. Transcriptome analysis of seedlings exposed to growth\u2010inhibiting temperature revealed (i) shared and distinct responses in shoots and roots, and (ii) transcription factor (TF)\u2010target modules that co\u2010regulate key biological processes, uncovering core molecular mechanisms of the acute heat stress response. Notably, TF\u2013target and functional interactome analysis, along with hormone inhibitor assays, revealed ethylene\u2010response factors (ERFs) as prime regulators of the heat stress response involving ethylene and jasmonic acid as upstream regulators. Pre\u2010treatment with ethylene precursor and jasmonic acid mitigated the impact of acute heat stress on the growth of rice seedlings by activating\n                    <jats:italic>ERFs<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings suggest that identifying and targeting master regulators presents a novel strategy to coordinate multiple transcription factors to enhance stress resilience, an approach with significant implications for global food security in the context of challenging climatic conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T21:09:16Z","timestamp":1776287356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethylene\u2013jasmonate interplay involving\n                    <scp>ERF<\/scp>\n                    regulons modulates acute heat stress response in rice seedlings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Akshay U.","family":"Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati  Tirupati 517619 Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubham","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati  Tirupati 517619 Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titir","family":"Guha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati  Tirupati 517619 Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajashekar Varma","family":"Kadumuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati  Tirupati 517619 Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix B.","family":"Fritschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Science and Technology University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreenivas","family":"Chavali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati  Tirupati 517619 Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2551-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annapurna Devi","family":"Allu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati  Tirupati 517619 Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108664"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14429-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-022-00742-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.20017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00018060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01768"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.16.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"IPCC, 2023: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. 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