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Here, we report a counterintuitive approach in the small brown planthopper,\n                    <jats:italic>Laodelphax striatellus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . SBPH downregulated a salivary gland\u2010specific elicitor gene,\n                    <jats:italic>LsG40<\/jats:italic>\n                    , when transferred from the optimal host rice to the suboptimal host corn. When expressed in plants, including the model organism tobacco and the two host plants corn and rice, LsG40 acts as a defense elicitor triggering calcium\u2010dependent reactive oxygen species burst, cell death, callose deposition, and jasmonic acid signaling. Interestingly, LsG40 induced the emission of insect\u2010resistant but enemy\u2010attractive volatiles in corn seedlings, including heptadecane to repel SBPH and\n                    <jats:italic>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and (\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2010\u03b2\u2010farnesene to attract natural enemy\n                    <jats:italic>Hippodamia variegata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , thereby coordinating direct and indirect defenses. Meanwhile, between the two hosts, LsG40\u2010induced rice plants exhibited weaker defense. In further RNA interference, down\u2010regulating\n                    <jats:italic>LsG40<\/jats:italic>\n                    enhanced SBPH feeding and fecundity by attenuating plant defenses. In contrast to the well\u2010documented role of insect effectors in suppressing plant defense, we demonstrate that SBPH feeding on suboptimal host corn downregulated LsG40, a salivary protein that triggers plant defense. This discovery uncovers a novel adaptive strategy whereby insects fine\u2010tune plant immunity by modulating the expression of a defense elicitor within itself, rather than by suppressing it through secreted effectors. The differential expression of salivary protein gene\n                    <jats:italic>LsG40<\/jats:italic>\n                    may reflect that SBPH actively manages host defense, including optimal and suboptimal host plants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T21:26:07Z","timestamp":1782509167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A salivary elicitor in\n                    <i>Laedelphax stiatellus<\/i>\n                    positively regulates plant defenses on optimal and suboptimal hosts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Teng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity Nanjing Agricultural University  Weigang 1 Nanjing 210095 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing 100193 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoli","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity Nanjing Agricultural University  Weigang 1 Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruifang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity Nanjing Agricultural University  Weigang 1 Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengjie","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing 100193 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