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We investigated the continental\n                    <jats:italic>Euptelea pleiosperma<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the island endemic\n                    <jats:italic>E. polyandra<\/jats:italic>\n                    using whole\u2010genome resequencing of 119 and 50 individuals, respectively, providing a direct comparison of evolutionary outcomes under contrasting demographic and environmental contexts. The two species diverged in the Late Miocene (~6.4\u2009Ma), broadly coinciding with the separation of the Japanese Archipelago. Genome\u2010wide divergence exhibited a highly heterogeneous landscape, with discrete genomic islands shaped by divergent sorting of ancient polymorphisms and divergence hitchhiking in low\u2010recombination regions. These islands are enriched for positively selected genes related to flowering, stress responses, and climatic adaptation. Compared with continental lineages, the island endemic exhibited markedly reduced genetic diversity, elevated inbreeding, and higher genetic load, reflecting weakened purifying selection under repeated bottlenecks. Ecological niche modeling and Gradient Forest analyses further revealed severe habitat contraction and substantial genetic\u2010environment mismatches for\n                    <jats:italic>E. polyandra<\/jats:italic>\n                    under future warming scenarios. Together, our findings provide an integrated genomic framework for understanding continental\u2013island species evolution and highlight the heightened vulnerability of island endemics to climate change, thereby offering crucial insights into the conservation of their genetic diversity and adaptive potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.71005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:42:30Z","timestamp":1783057350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The continental\u2010island relict genus\n                    <i>Euptelea<\/i>\n                    as a window into genomic divergence, adaptation, and climate vulnerability of island endemics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Tian\u2010Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, 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